控释肥料对花生产量、品质以及养分利用率的影响

以普通单质肥料(尿素、磷酸二铵、氯化钾和硫酸钾等)为原料,制备了N-P2O5-K2O分别为18-11-11和14-8-8的5种控释肥料,于2005年在福建省龙岩市进行田间试验,研究了控释肥料品种对花生产量、品质以及养分利用率的影响。结果表明,在等NPK比例和等养分量处理下,控释肥料可以减小肥料对花生结瘤的抑制作用,改善花生主要的农艺性状。与普通肥料1次性施用相比,控释肥料处理增加荚果产量2.5%1～0.8%,增加生物量1.3%6～.9%,氮、磷、钾当季利用率分别提高3.9%1～5.8%、0.6%4～.2%和2.6%1～4.2%;与普通肥料分2次施用相比,控释肥料处理的荚果增产-0.6%7～.5%,生物量增加-2.6%2～.8%,氮、磷、钾当季利用率分别提高了-5.5%5～.7%、2.7%6～.3%和-2.2%9～.4%。此外,控释肥料还可以改善花生的品质,提高花生仁的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量。

Effect of controlled release fertilizers on the yield and quality of peanut and nutrient use efficiency

Five controlled release fertilizers,the ration of NP2O5K2O were 1811-11 or 14-88,were made of common straight fertilizers(urea,diammonium phosphate,potassium chloride,and sulphate potassium).In 2005,a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of controlled release fertilizers on the yield and quality of peanut and nutrient use efficiency at Gaopi town,Longyan city, Fujian province.The result showed that the controlled release fertilizers could alleviate the inhibition of fertilizers on nodule formation of peanut and improve the agronomic characteristics of peanut compared to common straight fertilizers at same NPK proportion and rate.Comparing to single applying common fertilizers,the controlled release fertilizers increased economic yield of peanut by 2.5.8%,biological yield by 1.3%-6.9%;improved nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiency by 3.9%-15.8%,0.6%4.2% and 2.6%-14.2% respectively.Comparing split applying common fertilizers(2 times),it increased economic yield of peanut by-0.6%-7.5%,biological yield by-2.6%2.6%; the nutrients use efficiency increased by-5.5%-5.7%,2.7%6.3% and-2.2%-9.4% respectively.In addition, the controlled release fertilizers also showed a beneficial result on the peanut quality,i.e.improved the protein and fat contents in seed compared to straight fertilizer.