膜下滴灌水稻基因型耐缺铁性评价

【目的】新疆生产建设兵团采用膜下滴灌技术后，水稻缺铁黄化现象较为严重，研究该条件下水稻对缺铁反应的基因型差异，可为耐缺铁性水稻基因型的筛选和分类提供可靠的理论依据。 【方法】以六个水稻基因型为研究材料，采用膜下滴灌技术管理。在水稻幼苗期、分蘖期和成熟期随机采样，测定不同基因型水稻的分蘖数、生物量、产量以及铁含量，利用隶属函数分析和聚类分析研究了水稻在全生育期对缺铁胁迫反应的基因型差异。 【结果】水稻在幼苗期、分蘖期和成熟期对缺铁的反应存在基因型差异。在幼苗期水稻基因型 T-04 和 T-05 的叶片活性铁含量显著低于其他基因型；T-201 在幼苗期叶片活性铁、地上部铁的分配，分蘖期叶片铁含量和地上部干物质均较高；在分蘖期 T-04 铁的转移能力最小，但是 T-04 的分蘖数较高；在成熟期 T-04 的有效分蘖与其他基因型差异不显著，T-04 的产量处于中等水平，但是其籽粒铁的收获指数低于其他基因型水稻。聚类分析显示耐缺铁水稻基因型 T-43 的各指标高于其他基因型。 【结论】在水稻的幼苗期和分蘖期叶片铁的有效利用和自身铁的转移保证了水稻的生长和较高有效穗数，根据全生育期水稻铁营养效率和产量的基因型差异初步确定 T-43 耐缺铁能力较强，T-04 为对缺铁敏感的水稻基因型。

Evaluating of rice genotypes tolerant to Fe deficiency with drip irrigation under the film mulch

Objectives] Rice is grown on calcareous soil and managed using drip irrigation under the film mulch technology in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,where rice often suffers chlorosis caused by Fe deficiency.Evaluating the Fe-stress tolerance of different rice genotypes is of great importance for screening suitable rice cultivar.Methods] Six rice cultivars were selected and managed with drip irrigation under the film mulch method in this research.At seedling,tillering and mature stages of rice,the biomass,tillers,yield and Fe content were analyzed.Cluster analysis and subordinate function values analysis were used to identify the multiple parameters associated with iron deficiency tolerance.Results] The 6 tested rice cultivars showed significant differences in resistance to iron deficiency at the seedling,tillering and mature stages.The leaf active iron contents of T-04 and T-05 were significantly lower than those of the other genotypes at seedling stage.T-201 had higher leaf active iron and Fe distribution in shoot at the seedling stage and leaf iron content and dry weight in shoot at tillering stage,T-04 had the lowest distribution of Fe in shoot at the tillering stage,while T-04 had the biggest tiller number.There were no significant differences in effective tiller number between T-04 and other genotypes,and yield of T-04 was the medium level.Cluster analysis showed that T-43 had higher indexes than other genotypes.Conclusions] The effective use of leaf iron and the ability of iron transfer ensure rice growth and higher effective panicle number,comprehensively considering iron nutrition efficiency and yield at all growth stages with drip irrigation under the film mulch,the rice cultivar T-43 has the strongest tolerance to iron deficiency,and T-04 shows the lowest tolerance at all growth stages.