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不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土土壤理化性质和小麦生长的影响
引用本文:张济世,于波涛,张金凤,刘玉明,蒋曦龙,崔振岭.不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土土壤理化性质和小麦生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(3):704-711.
作者姓名:张济世  于波涛  张金凤  刘玉明  蒋曦龙  崔振岭
作者单位:1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193
基金项目:国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(31522050)
摘    要:【目的】盐分胁迫是滨海盐渍土上粮食产量提高的主要障碍因子之一。研究不同功能性改良物料对消除和减轻这一障碍因子的作用,为改良盐渍化土壤和提高作物产量提供理论依据。【方法】以小麦品种‘青麦 6 号’为供试材料,在滨海盐渍土上进行田间试验,设置 7 个处理为空白对照(CK)、含钙物料的磷石膏(PG)和脱硫石膏(FGD)、调酸物料的硫酸亚铁(FS)、含碳材料的牛粪(M)以及含碳和调酸物料的腐植酸(HA)和糠醛渣(FRs),分析比较不同改良剂对滨海盐渍化土壤理化性质以及对小麦生长发育的影响。【结果】施加改良剂降低了土壤表层 (0—20 cm) 的 pH 值,作为酸性材料的腐植酸、糠醛渣和硫酸亚铁效果明显,土壤的 pH 值较对照分别降低了 0.10、0.11 和 0.11;施改良剂降低了土壤的交换性钠离子含量和钠的吸附比 (sodium adsorption ratio, 简称 SAR),磷石膏和脱硫石膏提供充足的钙离子用于置换土壤中交换性钠离子,明显降低了不同土层中的交换性钠离子含量和 SAR 值,0—20 cm、20—40 cm 和 40—60 cm 土层中,磷石膏和脱硫石膏对土壤交换性钠离子含量和 SAR 值的降低效果明显,其中施加磷石膏分别较对照降低了 15.5% 和 18.3% (0—20 cm)、28.2% 和 28.6% (20—40 cm)、36.5% 和 36.5% (40—60 cm),施加脱硫石膏分别较对照降低了 24.9% 和 27.9% (0—20 cm)、27.6% 和 26.3% (20—40 cm)、24.5% 和 25.0% (40—60 cm);施加改良剂增加了小麦成熟期的穗数,其中磷石膏、脱硫石膏和糠醛渣改良效果显著,分别较对照增加 27.6%、24.5% 和 18.6%,并分别提高小麦的产量 26.7%、17.8% 和 17.8%。【结论】 酸性物料的糠醛渣、腐植酸和硫酸亚铁,可以明显降低土壤 pH 值和增加小麦苗期的茎蘖数量,综合考虑改良剂对土壤 pH、Na+ 含量、SAR 值和小麦群体数量的影响,含碳的调酸物料的糠醛渣效果较好;含钙物料的磷石膏和脱硫石膏,可以显著降低土壤 Na+ 含量以及 SAR 值,增加小麦成熟期穗数,提高小麦产量均具有显著的效果,磷石膏效果最佳。

关 键 词:滨海盐渍土    改良剂    土壤理化性质    小麦    生长发育
收稿时间:2016-11-05

Effects of different amendments on soil physical and chemical properties and wheat growth in a coastal saline soil
ZHANG Ji-shi,YU Bo-tao,ZHANG Jin-feng,LIU Yu-ming,JIANG Xi-long,CUI Zhen-ling.Effects of different amendments on soil physical and chemical properties and wheat growth in a coastal saline soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2017,23(3):704-711.
Authors:ZHANG Ji-shi  YU Bo-tao  ZHANG Jin-feng  LIU Yu-ming  JIANG Xi-long  CUI Zhen-ling
Institution:1.College of Resource and Environment Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract:Objectives] Salt stress is one of the main limiting factors to improve grain yield in the coastal saline soil.Studying the effects of different functional modified materials on the elimination and mitigation of this limiting factor can provide theoretical basis for the amendment of saline soil and the improvement of crop yield.Methods] Wheat cultivar ‘Qingmai 6’ was used as tested materials in coastal saline soil.The study included 7 experiments,blank control (CK),phosphogypsum (PG),flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD) containing calcium materials,ferrous sulfate (FS) of acidic material,cattle manure (M) containing carbon materials,humic acid (HA) and furfural residue (FRs) of acidic material containing carbon.We analyzed and compared the impacts of different amendments on the coastal saline soil physicochemical properties and growth of wheat.Results] The amendments could reduce the pH values of surface soil (0-20 cm),especially the acid materials (HA,FRs and FS) significantly lowered the pH of the soil by 0.10,0.11 and 0.11 compared with the control.The exchangeable sodium ion contents and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values were significantly decreased by applying the PG and FGD in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers,due to a large amount of calcium ion to replace the exchangeable sodium in soil.Compared with control,PG significantly decreased the exchangeable Na+ contents and the SAR values by 15.5% and 18.3% (0-20 cm),28.2% and 28.6% (20-40 cm),36.5% and 36.5% (40-60 cm),and the FGD decreased the exchangeable Na+ contents and the SAR values by 24.9% and 27.9% (0-20 cm),27.6% and 26.3% (20-40 cm),24.5% and 25.0% (40-60 cm) respectively;the PG,FGD and FRs significantly increased the grain yields by 26.7%,17.8% and 17.8% and increased the spike numbers by 27.6%,24.5% and 18.6%,respectively.Conclusions] The HA,FRs and FS of acidic materials can obviously reduce soil pH value and increase the number of tillers at the seedling stage of wheat.Considering the effects of amendments on soil pH,Na+ content,SAR value and spike number of wheat,the furfural residue of acidic materials containing carbon was better.The PG and FGD containing calcium materials can significantly reduce soil Na+ content and SAR value,increase spike number of wheat at maturity stage and improve wheat yield,and the PG treatment have the best effect.
Keywords:coastal saline soil  amendment  soil physical and chemical properties  wheat  growth and development
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