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磷与水分互作的根土界面效应及其高效利用机制研究进展
引用本文:王昕,李海港,程凌云,王宝兰,申建波.磷与水分互作的根土界面效应及其高效利用机制研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):1054-1064.
作者姓名:王昕  李海港  程凌云  王宝兰  申建波
作者单位:1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院植物营养系, 植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室, 北京 100193;
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(31330070),国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(30925024)
摘    要:【目的】磷与水分利用率低是制约作物生产的重要因子。磷必须在水分的作用下通过根土界面才能被作物吸收利用,磷和水分在根土界面的互作效应是影响其高效利用的关键环节。本文以根际为核心,重点综述了磷与水分在根土界面的互作机制,并剖析了通过强化根土界面磷与水分的协同,提高农田水肥资源利用效率的根际调控途径。主要进展]根系的形态和生理变化深刻影响磷和水分的有效性,而根系生长和根际过程依赖于植物的营养和水分供应状况,作物根层适宜的水分和养分供应水平能最大化根系和根际过程的效率,从而促进作物对磷与水资源的高效利用。作物根系除了能对根层土壤中磷和水分的系统供应做出响应外,也对局部磷和水分的变化产生形态和生理上的反应。根系响应磷和水分的表型可塑性与植物激素的调控作用密切相关。ABA、乙烯、NO均参与磷和水分互作的调控过程,质外体pH在调控植物抵抗水分胁迫过程中具有重要作用,并与植物的营养状况密切相关。展望]深入理解根土界面水与磷互作的协同过程及其调控机制是提高集约化作物体系水分和磷利用效率的关键。未来的研究方向与重点包括:进一步揭示磷和水分互作与激素信号途径之间的关系,探明农田生态系统中磷与水分互作的根土界面效应及其高效利用的协同机制,建立不同种植条件下水肥资源高效利用的根际调控途径,为通过根系、根际的定向调控,发挥其生物学潜力,提高集约化农田水肥资源的利用效率提供科学依据。

关 键 词:    水分    作物    根土界面    根际互作    利用效率
收稿时间:2017-08-03

Advances of root-soil interface effect of phosphorus and water interaction and mechanisms of their efficient use
WANG Xin,LI Hai-gang,CHENG Ling-yun,WANG Bao-lan,SHEN Jian-bo.Advances of root-soil interface effect of phosphorus and water interaction and mechanisms of their efficient use[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2017,23(4):1054-1064.
Authors:WANG Xin  LI Hai-gang  CHENG Ling-yun  WANG Bao-lan  SHEN Jian-bo
Institution:1.College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
Abstract:Objectives] Low use efficiencies of phosphorus and water are key limiting factors in intensive farming system.Only under the driving flow by soil water,phosphorus can be absorbed by plants mainly via the root-soil interface.Root-soil interface effects of phosphorus and water interactions are the key points in their efficient use mechanism by crop.This review summarizes recent advances on the mechanisms of interactions of phosphorus and water in root-soil interface and puts forward the rhizosphere management strategies of improving phosphorus and water use efficiency through enhancing their synergy in the plant-soil system.Advances] The biological availability of phosphorus and water can be highly affected by root morphological and physiological plasticity,and in turn,root development and rhizosphere physiological processes are also dependent on phosphorus and water supply status.Under an appropriate intensity of water and phosphorus supply,root and rhizosphere process efficiency can be maximized to increase the resource use efficiency.Plant roots can highly respond to not only integral supply strength of phosphorus and water in root zone,but also heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution of phosphorus and water with changing root morphological and physiological reactions.Phytohormones are closely related to the root plasticity under different phosphorus and water supply.ABA,ethylene,and NO are involved in the regulation processes of plant responses to phosphorus and water supply.Apoplast pH could play an important role in plant regulation processes to cope with water and nutrient deficiency.Prospects] Better understanding of synergy effects and regulating mechanisms of phosphorus and water interactions in the root-soil interface is critical to increase use efficiency of phosphorus and water in intensive farming system.Hence,future research directions and emphases are proposed:exploring the mechanism of phosphorus and water interactions and the relationships with phytohormone in the plants,clarifying the interface effects of phosphorus and water interaction processes and their synergy mechanisms in the rhizosphere,and establishing effective rhizosphere management strategies and pathways for increasing phosphorus and water use efficiency in various cropping systems.These advances will provide scientific basis for improving use efficiency and coupling of water and nutrients in intensive crop production through engineering crop root and rhizosphere interaction processes.
Keywords:phosphorus  water  crop  root-soil interface  rhizosphere interaction  use efficiency
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