不同施氮水平对红花大金元烟叶香味物质和感官评吸质量的影响

【目的】 氮素施用水平主导着烟叶的氮素代谢，影响烟叶中有机酸、酚类、石油醚提取物、木质素等香味物质的含量，进而影响烟叶的感官评吸质量。探索不同氮素施用量对红花大金元 (简称红大) 烟叶香味物质和感官评吸质量的影响，以期为烤烟栽培中氮素的科学施用提供理论依据。 【方法】 2013 年在云南玉溪和大理烟区以烤烟红大为供试材料进行田间试验。设置施氮水平 0、45、90 和 135 kg/hm2 (分别以 N₀、N₁、N₂ 和 N₃ 表示)，分析了烤烟香味物质和感官评吸质量指标。 【结果】 烟叶中挥发酸含量随施氮量的增加而显著提高，大理试验以 N₃ 处理含量最高，达到 0.13%；烟叶中高级脂肪酸总量和多元有机酸均以 N₂ 处理最高，玉溪分别为 19.71 和 82.65 mg/g，大理分别为 20.67 和 94.12 mg/g。烟叶中多酚含量在N₂ 水平最高，至 N₃ 时出现下降。烟叶石油醚提取物含量随施氮水平的提高而显著增加，玉溪和大理试验点 N₃ 处理含量分别为 6.25% 和 6.05%。烟叶木质素含量以 N₂ 处理最低，玉溪和大理试验点含量分别为 5.19% 和 5.42%。红大烟叶感官评吸总分均以N₂ 处理最高，玉溪和大理试验点的评分分别为 77.4 和 78.1。 【结论】 氮素施用水平中等时 (90 kg/hm2)，烟叶挥发酸和石油醚提取物含量适中，高级脂肪酸和多元有机酸含量较高，酚类物质积累较多，木质素含量较低，烟叶各香味物质含量协调性较好，感官评吸时烟叶香气质、香气量、余味、杂气、劲头和评吸总分较高，烟叶品质优良。

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on flavor component content and sensory quality of tobacco Honghuadajinyuan

Objectives] Nitrogen nutrition is the leading factor in tobacco nitrogen metabolism,directly affects the contents and ratios of organic acids,phenols,petroleum ether extracts and lignin in tobacco leaves.Investigation of the aroma and sensory quality of tobacco cultivar Honghuadajinyuan (abbreviation as Hongda) under different nitrogen application rates will provide fertilization support for the cultivation of the tobacco cultivar.Methods] Field experiments were conducted using tobacco cultivar Hongda as test material in 2013 at Yuxi County and Dali County,Yunnan Province,China.Four nitrogen levels of N 0,45,90 and 135 kg/hm2 (i.e.N0,N1,N2,N3) were setup.The aroma components and the sensory quality were measured.Results] Volatile acids in tobacco were found increasing accordingly with the increased nitrogen rate.Among all tested groups,all the volatile acid contents were found the highest with N3 treatment in the samples from Dali,reported as 0.13％.The senior fatty acids and multiple organic acids were found highest with N2 treatment,with the contents of 19.71 and 82.65 mg/g in Yuxi and 20.67 and 94.12 mg/g in Dali,respectively.The polyphenol contents were the highest in N2 treatment.The contents of petroleum ether extracts increased with the N rate,arriving at peak value of 6.25％ in Yuxi and 6.05％ in Dali,respectively.The lowest lignin content was in N2treatment,with the value of 5.19％ in Yuxi and 5.42％ in Dali,respectively.The best aroma,flavor and sensory of tobacco leaves were obtained in N2 treatment in all tested groups,the estimated scores in Yuxi samples and Dali samples were 77.4 and 78.1,respectively.Conclusions] At the nitrogen application rate of 90 kg/hm2,the contents of volatile acids and petroleum ether extracts,senior fatty acids and multiple organic acid,phenolic substance are reasonable and the lignin contents are low,so the tobacco leaves are rich of pleasure aroma,tasted comfortable and less irritated odor.