施钾对不同基因型棉花光合特性及产量和品质的影响

在田间条件下,研究了施钾对抗虫杂交棉中棉所38、抗虫棉新棉33B、常规棉中棉所12光合特性和产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与不施钾相比,不同基因型棉花施氯化钾225.kg/hm2,棉花叶面积指数(LAI),叶绿素荧光动力学参数PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ),叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs),棉花干物重及分配到生殖器官的比例,棉花总成铃数、铃重和衣分均有不同程度提高;中棉所38、新棉33B和中棉所12皮棉产量分别增加13.60%、10.66%和4.21%;棉纤维2.5%跨距长度、比强度、马克隆值和纤维整齐度等品质也得到改善。中棉所38和新棉33B比中棉所12施钾的效果更好,生产上应优先给抗虫杂交棉和抗虫棉品种施用钾肥。

Effects of potassium application on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and fiber properties of different genotypic cotton (G. Hirsutum L.)

Recently,potassium deficiency had become an important problem limiting cotton production in Huanghuaihai Plain,China.In order to elucidate the effects of potassium applicaiton on the photosynthetic characteristics,yield and fibre properties of different genotypeic cotton,field experiments were carried out on a sandy loam soil at Henan Agricultural University Experimental Station during 2004-2005.The content of exchangeable potassium in the native soil was 101.5 mg/kg.Three cotton genotypes,CCRI 38(a transgenic insect-resistant hybrid variety),DP33B(transgenic insect-resistant variety) and CCRI 12(traditional variety) were used in experiments.The photosynthetic functions in the stem leaves of cotton were investigated by means of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence determination method at desired dates.The results showed that basic applying KCl 225 kg/hm² before cotton seedlings transplanted increased LAI,PSⅡ maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),PSⅡ potential activity(Fv/Fo),PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency(ФPSⅡ),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs) in leaves,accumulation of biomass and the proportion of distributed to reproductive organs in plant,and total bolls per hectare,boll weight and lint percentage.Lint yield of CCRI38,DP33B and CCRI12 were increased by 13.60%,10.66% and 4.21% respectively.In addition,fiber qualitative characters,such as 2.5% span length,tenacity,micronaire value and length uniformity were also improved.CCRI38 and DP33B responded more active to potassium fertilizer than CCRI12.