施肥位置与杂草管理对间作玉米、马铃薯生长和产量的影响

【目的】施肥和除草是农业生产中两大重要的管理措施。近年来,施肥位置作为一种精准施肥措施越来越引起关注,本研究调查了施肥位置与杂草防控在玉米、马铃薯间作中对作物生长和产量的影响。【方法】采用2∶2间作行比,进行了玉米、马铃薯间作大田试验。杂草管理设除草和不除草,施肥位置处理包括:均匀施肥(HF)、种间行施肥(TERF)和种内行施肥(TRAF),共6个处理,每个处理3次重复。调查了间作玉米、马铃薯的株高、生物量、根系总生物量和产量,以及杂草生物量。【结果】施肥位置和杂草管理对玉米产量、生物量和株高均有显著影响,且存在显著的交互效应(产量P <0.001、生物量P=0.002、株高P=0.007)。相比于均匀施肥,在不除草情况下,种间行和种内行施肥均显著提高了玉米的产量、生物量和株高。而在除草情况下,种内行施肥显著提高了玉米的产量和生物量,种间行施肥仅显著增加了玉米的株高。除草对马铃薯株高无显著影响(P=0.494),但显著提高了马铃薯产量和生物量(P <0.001)。施肥位置对马铃薯产量(P=0.114)、生物量(P=0.580)和株高(P=0.772)均无显著影响。在均匀施肥和种内行施肥下,除草显著提高根系总生物量(P <0.001),但在种间行施肥下则无显著影响。不论除草与否,与均匀施肥相比,种内行施肥显著提高了玉米、马铃薯的根系总生物量(P <0.001)。施肥位置(P=0.001)和生长位置(P <0.001)均对杂草生物量有显著影响。与均匀施肥相比,种内行施肥显著降低种间行和马铃薯种内行的杂草生物量,而种间行施肥对种间行杂草生物量无显著影响,但显著降低两种作物的种内行杂草生物量。【结论】在玉米、马铃薯间作体系中,种内行施肥结合除草,可显著促进玉米和马铃薯根系发育,抑制杂草生物量,进而提高产量及肥料施用效果。

Effects of fertilizer placement and weed management on yield and growth of intercropped maize and potato

【Objectives】 Position is greatly concerned in fertilization of precise agricultural production. This study was to investigate the effects of fertilizer placement and weed management on the growth and yield of intercropped maize and potato. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted using maize and potato intercropping system with 2 : 2 row ratio. In both plots of with and without weed control, 3 fertilizer placements were designed as: homogeneous fertilization in all rows (HF), fertilization in interspecific rows (TERF), and fertilization in intraspecific rows (TRAF). There were total 6 treatments with triplications. The plant height, biomass, root total biomass and yields of the intercropped maize and potato were measured. So was the weed biomass. 【Results】 Both the fertilizer placement and weed management had significant effects on yield (P < 0.001), biomass ( P = 0.002) and plant height (P = 0.007) of maize. Without weeds control, compared to the HF, both the TERF and TRAF significantly increased the yield, biomass and plant height of maize, while with weeds control, only the yield and biomass of maize were significantly increased by the TRAF, and the plant height significantly increased by TERF.Weeds control did not significantly affect plant height (P = 0.494), but significantly increased the yield and biomass of tomato (P < 0.001). Fertilizer placements had no significant effect on potato yield ( P = 0.114), biomass (P = 0.580) and plant height (P = 0.772). For both the maize and potato, weeds control significantly increased the total root biomass of maize and potato under the condition of HF and TRAF (P < 0.001), but had no significant influence under TERF. The TRAF significantly increased the total root biomass of maize and potato with and without weeds control ( P < 0.001). Weed biomass was affected significantly by fertilizer placement ( P = 0. 001) and growth row (P < 0.001). Compared with the HF, the TRAF significantly decreased the weed biomass of the rows between maize and potato and rows inside potato, while the TERF had no significant influence on the weed biomass in the rows between maize and potato, but significantly reduced the weed biomass in rows inside maize or potato. 【Conclusions】 In maize and potato intercropping system, it is recommended applying fertilizer inside the rows of each crop, and weeds control is strongly recommended for good root development and high fertilizer use efficiency by crops for high yield.