钾肥对杂交水稻养分积累以及生理效率的影响

在浙江省金华市进行连续4年水稻钾肥田间试验,以研究钾肥对杂交水稻氮磷钾养分吸收和利用效率的影响。结果表明,钾肥可促进氮磷养分从水稻的茎叶部位向穗输送,增加水稻产量。同不施钾处理比较,施钾处理杂交稻氮的平均吸收总量增加7.1～9.3kg/hm2,磷增加0.9～1.1kg/hm2,钾增加38.3～56.6kg/hm2;氮和磷养分的利用效率无显著提高,而钾素的利用效率明显降低26.3%～28.9%。在养分的吸收和利用效率方面,杂交稻较常规稻表现出明显的生理优势。分析土壤交换性钾和缓效钾含量的年动态变化得出,杂交稻较常规稻消耗土壤中更多的缓效钾,施钾处理下的测试土壤速效钾含量逐年下降,而土壤缓效钾含量却有逐年上升的趋势。

Influence of potassium fertilizer on nutrient accumulation and physiological efficiency of hybrid rice

Fertilizer K experiments were conducted for consecutive 4 years at Jinhua city in Zhejiang province under field condition to study the influence of fertilizer K on nutrient absorb and use efficiency for rice. The results indicated that fertilizer K could promote nitrogen and phosphorus transporting from stem and leaf to panicle in rice plant, therefore, the yield increased. Contrast to the treatment without fertilizer K application, average total N uptake of hybrid rice increased 7.1-9.3 kg/hm², total P increased 10-2.0 kg/hm², total K uptake increased 45.3-56.6 kg/hm² respectively. N and P nutrient use efficiency did not increased and reached to statistically significance, but K use efficiency significantly decreased 26.3%-28.9% compared with inbred rice. Hybrid rices behaved of physiology advantage in nutrient uptake and use efficiency than that of inbred rice. By analyzing annual dynamic change of exchangeable K and non exchangeable K in testing soil, suggested that hybrid rice depleted more non exchangeable K in soil than inbred rice. The trend of content of available K in testing soil decreased annually whereas non exchangeable K increased when fertilizer K were applied.