纳米材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料的特性及对作物氮素利用率与氮素损失的影响

通过冬小麦－夏玉米轮作下3年6季的田间试验，研究纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料对氮素利用率和硝态氮淋溶损失的影响。结果表明，与普通氮磷钾化肥配施相比，4种纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料提高小麦对氮素的利用率2.80～23.38个百分点，玉米对氮素的利用率1.01～21.63个百分点。在0―80 cm土层，PS、BC208和306处理下土壤硝态氮含量高于普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理，而F208处理低于普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理；在80―160 cm土层，均低于普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理；在接近地下水水位土层（140―160 cm），减少硝态氮1.61～2.42 mg/kg。4种纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料损失出土壤－作物系统的氮素比普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理减少2.00～24.90个百分点。结果表明，纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料能有效的提高氮素利用率和减少硝态氮的淋溶损失。

Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers felted and coated by nano-materials on nitrogen recovery and loss of crops

A 3-year and 6-season field experiment involving winter wheat-summer corn rotation was conducted to study the effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers felted and coated by nano-materials on nitrogen recovery and accumulation of NO₃^--N. The results showed that for the treatment of slow/controlled release fertilizers felted and coated by nano-materials, N recovery of wheat and corn increased 2.80–23.38 percentage points and 1.01–21.63 percentage points compared with NPK treatment separately. At 0-80cm in soil profile, NO₃^--N concentration of PS, BC208 and 306 treatments were higher than that of NPK treatment, but F208 treatment was lower. At 80-160cm in soil profile, NO₃^--N concentration of NPK treatment was the highest. At 140–160cm in soil profile , NO3--N concentration decreased by 1.61–2.42 mg/kg and N loss decreased by 2.00–24.90 percentage points out of soil-crops system for slow/controlled release fertilizers felted and coated by nanometer materials compared with NPK treatment. The results showed slow/controlled release fertilizers felted and coated by Nano-materials could improve nitrogen recovery and decrease NO₃^--N loss effectively.