鸡粪腐解过程不同溶解性腐殖物质结合形态锌的动态

以鸡粪为材料，添加不同比例的铜锌进行腐解试验，研究了腐解过程中不同溶性（水溶性、氢氧化钠溶性、氢氧化钠-焦磷酸钠混合液溶性）腐殖物质结合形态锌浓度的动态变化、受铜含量的影响及其与有效锌的关系。结果表明，粪肥原样水溶性锌（H2O-Zn）占其全锌量的0.74%，在腐解过程中逐渐下降；随着粪肥中添加锌量的增加（Cu/Zn为1: 1、1: 2、1: 3处理），H2O-Zn含量也相应增加，但平均含量占其全锌的比例低于对照处理，同时也随着腐解时间延长呈减少趋势。铜含量的增加对H2O-Zn提取有促进作用。腐解初期，粪肥原样中NaOH浸提取锌含量占其全锌量的62.41%，在腐解过程其比例大幅度下降；NaOH腐殖物质结合态锌（NaOH-Zn）随着加入锌的增大而有所增加，随着铜含量增加，NaOH溶性腐殖物质结合态锌的含量也有增加趋势，而随着腐解时间呈下降趋势。粪肥原样中NaOH-Na4P2O7提取腐殖物质络合锌含量占其全锌量的13.59%，随腐解时间推移呈增加趋势；NaOH-Na4P2O7提取腐殖物质络合态锌（NaOH-Na4P2O7-Zn）的量随着加入锌量的增加，其变化不大，且铜含量对NaOH-Na4P2O7提取腐殖物质络合态锌的量影响很小。在堆腐前，在各个处理样中，50%～85%的可溶性锌分配在NaOH的溶液，10%～50%分配在碱性混合液，0～5%在水溶液；至腐解后期，58%～92%分配在NaOH-Na4P2O7溶液，6%～41%分配在NaOH的溶液，0～2%分配在水溶液。随着锌含量增加，H2O-Zn和NaOH-Zn的分配比例逐渐增加，而NaOH-Na4P2O7-Zn的分配比例减少。在堆腐粪肥中，水溶性锌、NaOH溶性腐殖物质结合态锌与有效锌浓度之间显极正显著或正显著相关，而NaOH-Na4P2O7-Zn溶性腐殖物质络合态锌与水溶性锌，NaOH溶性腐殖物质结合态锌及有效锌浓度都显极负显著或负显著相关。

Dynamic changes of different soluble humus zinc in chicken manure

Chicken manures added with Cu and Zn were used for composting experiment to study the changes of humus complexed zinc（humus-zinc）extracted by H₂O, NaOH and NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇ mixture (expressed as H₂O-Zn，NaOH-Zn and NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇-Zn), respectively. The effect of copper in compost on humus-zinc and the relationship between humus-zinc and available Zn were also revealed. H₂O-Zn of raw manure accounted for 0.74% of total Zinc of the compost, and decreased with the manure composting. With the increase of adding zinc (Cu/Zn was 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3), H₂O-Zn increased correspondingly, and decreased with the process of decomposition. The average percentages of H₂O-Zn to total Zinc of the treatment of 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3 were lower than that of the control (raw materials). H₂O-Zn was increased with the increase of copper content. NaOH-Zn accounted for 62.41% of total Zn of the raw manure and decreased dramatically with the compost proceeding. With the increase of adding Zn, NaOH-Zn increased, but decreased with decomposing process. During decomposition, the added copper increased the content of NaOH-Zn. NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇-Zn accounted for 13.59% of total copper of the raw manure, which increased with time of composting. With the added Zn content increasing in compost manure, the percentage of NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇-Zn to total Zn changed slightly. The added copper had no significant effect on NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇-Zn. Before composting, of all humus–zinc extracted by H₂O, NaOH and NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇ , respectively, 50%–85% of extracted humus–Zn was present in NaOH fraction, 10%–50% in NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇ fraction, and 0–5% in H₂O fraction. After composting, 6%–41% of extracted humus–zinc was present in NaOH fraction, 58%–92% in NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇ fraction, and 0–2% in H₂O fraction. With the added zinc contents increasing, the distribution percent of NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇-Zn (Pressed as percent of extracted Zn) decreased. H₂O-Zn，NaOH-Zn, and DTPA-Zn were positively correlated to each other and all were negatively correlated to NaOH-Na₄P₂O₇-Zn. (P≤0.01).