生物有机肥对香蕉植株生长和香蕉枯萎病防治的研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了生物有机肥(BIO)对香蕉植株生长和香蕉枯萎病防治效果的影响。结果表明,1)香蕉植株移栽45 d后,施用BIO的处理香蕉植株地上部鲜重、干重、株高和假茎围分别比对照增加了31.9%~93.8%、5.9%~43.1%、43.9%~62.9%和12.3%~18.5%。2)香蕉苗移栽25 d时,施用BIO的香蕉植株根尖几丁质酶活性提高了2.64~12.88个酶活单位,显著高于对照;营养钵育苗施用BIO的处理,香蕉植株根尖β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性显著地高于营养钵育苗未施BIO的处理,是其酶活的5.22~7.22倍。施用BIO的处理香蕉植株根尖和茎基部中胼胝质含量分别只有对照的59.7%~77.9%和47.6%~68.9%,显著低于对照处理。3)营养钵育苗施用BIO的处理,根际的细菌数量和放线菌数量分别比对照增加了1.56~1.76倍和1.11~1.55倍,而根际真菌数量却减少了19.2%~52.2%,根际尖孢镰刀菌的数量也大大减少。4)营养钵育苗施用BIO的处理,到香蕉植株移栽45 d时,香蕉植株枯萎病的病情指数未超过2.4,比对照降低47.8%~56.5%。上述结果表明,采用营养钵育苗和移栽时都施用BIO的方法种植香蕉,能显著地促进香蕉植株生长,有效地降低香蕉枯萎病的发病指数。

Effects of bioorganic fertilization on growth and controlling fusarium-wilt disease of banana

Banana fusarium-wilt disease is one of the most important soil-borne diseases which severely inhibit the development of banana production industries both in China and in the world. Biocontrols of the banana fusarium-wilt disease are proved economical and environmentally friendly. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate effects of a new bioorganic fertilizer(BIO)on banana plant growth and the suppression on the disease. The results are as follows: 1)45 days after transplantation of banana seedlings, fresh weight, dry weight, plant height and stem girth of the plants in the treatments of BIO fertilization are increased by 31.9%-93.8%, 5.9%-43.1%, 43.9%-62.9% and 12.3%-18.5%, respectively compared with the control. 2)When wilt disease just occurs, chitinase activities in the treatments of BIO fertilization are 2.64-12.88 units higher than that of the control; β-1,3-glucanase activities in the treatments of nursery applications of BIO are increased by 5.22 or 7.22 times than that without nursery application of BIO; and the concentrations of callose in root tips and stem bases of the treatments of BIO fertilization are decreased by 59.7%-77.9% and 47.6%-68.9%, respectively as compared with the control. 3)In contrast to the control, numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere of the treatment of BIOns+BIOts are increased by 1.56-1.76 times and 1.34-1, 50 times, respectively，while numbers of fungi and pathogen are decreased by 19.2%-29.6% and 38.0%-63.9%, respectively. 4)Compared to the control, the banana fusarium-wilt disease indices of BIOns+BIOts are below 2.4, which are reduced by 47.8%-56.5%. These results suggest that the way of BIO application both in nursery pots and in transplanted soils can effectively overcome the occurrence of fusarium wilt disease of banana.