商品性有机肥料工厂化生产研究动态

商品有机肥料工厂化生产是以畜禽类和有机废弃物为原料，以固态好气发酵为核心的集约化处理工艺。研究查明供气量、温度、湿度和C／N比等是主要发酵参数，指出发酵过程的实质是微生物作用过程，因此调控技术围绕创造好气徽生物适宜的环境而运行。工厂化生产的特点是有机物质的转化呈半腐解态，高温和pH值同步升高，导致有机态氮的挥发损失。降低氮素损失和防止有机质的过度分解是提高商品有机肥质量的关键。改进物料预处理，调节C／N比、水分和酸碱度，控制发酵温度和时间，是解决这一问题的有效途径。

STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ON COMMERCIAL ORGANIC FETILIZERS

A large scale of organic wastes from intensive production of livestock andcity refuse have resulted in major environmental problems. So more attention has beenpaid to solve the problem by developing a series of manufacturing processingtechniques. Alone with it a number of waste treatment plants have been established inpersent years. Such composting factory equipped with rotary fermentation tower tomake the process aerobically. Because of the process is being carried out by micro-organisms, the management methods should be set to meet the need for aerobic micro-organisms growth.The authors indicated that aeration rate, temperature level, moisturecontent and C/N ratio are the main design parameters which may influence on theprocess during fermentation. Nitrogen loss was affected significantly by hightemperature and alkaline conditions which was formed simultaneously during theprocess. To minimize the loss of nitrogen, pretreatment of raw material should becarried out at the beginning of process, it involves modifying the C/N ratio, governingmoisture content and regulating the pH value to an optimum level. To avoid the over-decomposition of organic matter,a suitable period of germination process should beconsldered by regulatlng temperature to the level for inactivation pathogenic organismand controlling the timing of process to 1O ~ 15 days for proper decomposition.Consequently, the commercial organic fertilizer as an end-product for agricultural usagewill become more available, concentration and harmless.