几种有机和无机氮肥对草莓生长及其氮素吸收分配影响的差异

通过不同生育时期植株各部位的氮素分析,研究了不同商品有机肥和有机无机复混肥对大田草莓(FragariaAnanassa.c.v.Dutch.)植株生长及氮素吸收分配的影响。结果表明,施用不同肥料品种均可促进植物氮素吸收,提高氮素积累速率,促进氮素向果实中分配。在施等量氮素养分条件下,草莓器官的氮素吸收状况对不同氮肥品种反应不一。尽管无机肥处理的氮素积累速率和地上部全氮含量较高,但施用商品有机肥较无机氮肥或有机无机复混肥更能促进草莓生长发育和草莓果实产量的增加,说明无机氮不宜作为草莓基肥一次性施用。结果还表明,施肥处理氮素的日均积累量平均为10.8.mg/plant,而不施肥处理仅为5.1.mg/plant。在果实采收末期,不同处理草莓各器官的氮素分配趋势为果实茎和叶柄叶片根系。施用纯有机肥(OFA和OFB),果实中吸收的氮素超过植株吸收总量的一半,分别占53.5%和51.7%,无机氮肥处理(UN)和有机无机复混肥处理(OIF)的果实氮素分配率分别只有46.1%和39.8%。

Effects of different fertilization practices on the growth and nitrogen uptake in strawberry

An experiment was conducted to evaluate nitrogen uptake and distribution in strawberry(Fragaria×Ananassa c.v.Dutch.)under different N fertilization practices.Plants were destructively harvested at different growth stages and separated into different components(roots,stems,leaves and fruits).N in different components was analyzed to examine N uptake and its distribution.Results showed that whatever fertilization practices in this study could promote nitrogen uptake,improve the N accumulation rate and increase its remobilization to fruit.But nitrogen uptake and distribution had different responses to different fertilizer brands under the condition of same N application rate.The mean daily average N accumulation was 10.8 mg/plant under N application treatments,while it was only 5.1 mg/plant for CK. Total dry biomass and fruit yields of strawberry were higher under organic fertilizers(OFA and OFB) treatment than inorganic fertilizer(UN) or organic-inorganic fertilizer(OIF) treatments,even though application of UN and OIF increased both the nitrogen accumulation rate and shoot N concentration.Nitrogen distribution rates under organic fertilizers treatment(OFA and OFB) in fruits accounted for more than half of total nitrogen accumulation in strawberries,which are equivalent to 53.5% and 51.7%,respectively;while those in inorganic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer treatments(UN and OIF) were much lower accounting for 46.1% and 39.8%,respectively.