基于养分专家系统的西北旱地冬小麦推荐施肥效应研究

  【目的】   本研究调查了养分专家系统 (Nutrient Expert, NE) 推荐施肥在西北旱地冬小麦生产上的应用效果，以明确该方法在西北旱地小麦推荐施肥中的可行性。   【方法】   在陕西渭北旱塬两年共布置15个田间试验，所有试验均设置两个处理:养分专家系统推荐施肥 (NE) 和农户习惯施肥 (FP)。在小麦成熟期采集小麦样品和0—100 cm土层土壤样品，测定植株氮磷钾养分含量和土壤硝态氮含量，调查分析小麦产量及其构成要素、经济效益和肥料偏生产力。   【结果】   NE推荐的N施用量平均为158 kg/hm2，较FP处理 (N 192 kg/hm2) 减少了18%；P₂O₅施用量平均为62 kg/hm2，较FP处理 (134 kg/hm2) 减少了54%；而K₂O用量为40 kg/hm2，较FP处理 (28 kg/hm2) 增加了43%。NE处理的冬小麦平均籽粒产量为5171 kg/hm2，与FP处理 (5111 kg/hm2) 籽粒产量接近，经济效益提高了7.8%，氮肥偏生产力提高25.1%，磷肥偏生产力提高了139.8%。与FP相比，NE处理的土壤0—100 cm土层硝态氮残留量无显著差异。   【结论】   相比农户习惯施肥，基于养分专家系统推荐的施肥方案减少了18%的氮肥和54%的磷肥用量，增加了43%的钾肥用量，冬小麦产量保持稳定，氮肥和磷肥的偏生产力和经济效益均显著提升，具有较好的化肥减施和增收效果，可在旱地冬小麦生产中推广应用。

Effects of Nutrient Expert system on yield and economic benefits of winter wheat in the dryland of Northwest China

Objectives]The effect of recommended fertilizer application for wheat production based on Nutrient Expert(NE)system was studied in the Weibei dryland area of Shaanxi Province.The study aim was to test the applicability of the recommended fertilization method in the dryland wheat production area.Methods]We conducted fifteen winter wheat field trials over two years.Soil samples(0–100 cm depth)were collected to determined nitrate N content before planting.The treatments included farmers’practice(FP,fertilization according to the local farmers as the control)and fertilization regime according to NE.Wheat yield,fertilizer input and economic benefits of winter wheat production in the study area were investigated.Also,we determined the content of N,P,and K in the wheat plants.Results]The average nutrient input of the NE treatment was N 158 kg/hm²,P₂O₅62 kg/hm²,and K₂O 40 kg/hm².The corresponding values recorded in the FP treatment were N 192 kg/hm²,P₂O₅134 kg/hm² and K₂O 28 kg/hm².The N and P₂O₅ inputs of NE were 18%and 54%less than those in FP,while the K₂O input was 43%higher in the former than the latter.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the average grain yield and nitrate N residue between NE and FP.However,the economic benefit was significantly increased by 7.8%,PFP of N fertilizer increased by 25.1%,and PFP of P fertilizer increased by 139.8%.Conclusions]Compared with fertilization according to the local farmers,the recommending fertilization based on the NE system is suitable for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus application rates by 18%and 54%and increasing potassium application rates by 43%,keeps stable wheat yield,and effectively improves the efficiency of fertilization and economic benefits.This result suggests that the NE system is applicable for fertilization of winter wheat in dryland areas.