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钾素营养对玉米生育后期干物质和养分积累与转运的影响
引用本文:李文娟,何萍,金继运.钾素营养对玉米生育后期干物质和养分积累与转运的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):799-807.
作者姓名:李文娟  何萍  金继运
作者单位:1.农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划),国家自然科学基金,北京市自然科学基金,北京市科技新星计划,国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目 
摘    要:为揭示钾素营养与玉米产量形成的关系,研究了3个施钾水平(K2O 0、113和225 kg/hm2)对玉米生育后期植株不同器官干重及氮、磷、钾积累和转运的影响。结果显示,施钾能显著提高玉米产量。随着施钾量的增加,玉米生育后期干物质积累的最大速率和平均速率提高,最大速率出现时间提前。玉米干物质在各器官中的分配比例随生长发育中心的转移而变化。生育后期干物质和养分由营养体向子粒转运,其中干物质和氮、磷主要来源于穗部营养体的转运,而钾则主要来源于叶片的转运。子粒中氮、磷、钾的积累量分别占总积累量的50.3%~57.1%,59.6%~67.2%和14.0%~33.3%。施钾不但能增加子粒中干物质和氮、磷、钾养分的分配比例,而且还有助于提高干物质和氮、磷、钾养分向子粒转运的转运率。氮的转运率以K1处理最大,为45.7%;干物质、磷和钾的转运率以K2处理最大,分别为7.4%、62.6%和22.4%;子粒养分中54.5%~60.6%的氮,56.0%~85.8%的磷及52.4%~100.0%的钾可以依赖于营养体的转运。

关 键 词:玉米    干物质                养分积累    转运
收稿时间:2008-6-4

Potassium nutrition on dry matter and nutrients accumulation and translocation at reproductive stage of maize
LI Wen-juan,HE Ping,JIN Ji-yun.Potassium nutrition on dry matter and nutrients accumulation and translocation at reproductive stage of maize[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(4):799-807.
Authors:LI Wen-juan  HE Ping  JIN Ji-yun
Institution:1.Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
Abstract:Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of potassium (K) nutrition on dry matter and nutrient accu-mulation and distribution under three K levels (K2O 0, 113 and 225 kg/ha)at reproductive stage of maize to explore the relationship between K nutrition and grain formation in maize. Results indicated that maize yield was significantly in-creased by K application. Both the maximum and average dry matter accumulation rate was accelerated, and the maxi-mum dry matter accumulation rate occurred early by K application. The distribution proportion of dry matter in different organs varied distinctly. Dry matter, N and P in grain were mainly translocated from spike, and K in grain was mainly translocated from leaves. The contribution percentage of grain nutrient absorption to the whole plant at maturity was 50.3 %-57.1%, 59.6 %-67.2 %, and 14.0 %-33.3 % for N, P and K, respectively. K application could not only increase the distribution proportion of dry matter, N, P, and K nutrition to grain, but also enhance their tranalocation rates. The maximum N translocation rates of 45.7% was obtained by K1 treatment K2O 113 kg/ha, while the maximum dry matter, P and K translocation rate of 7.4%, 62.6% and 22.4% was achieved by K2 treatment K2O 225 kg/ha.54.5%-60.6% of N, 56.0%-85.8% of P and 52.4%-100.0% of K in grain relied on nutrient tranalocation from vegetative parts.
Keywords:maize  dry matter  nitrogen  phosphorus  potassium  accumulation  translocation
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