不同氮效率基因型高产春玉米花粒期干物质与氮素运移特性的研究

以先玉335（XY335）、 郑单958（ZD958）、 内单314（ND314）及四单19（SD19）4 个不同氮效率基因型高产春玉米品种为材料，研究了在当地农户常规施氮（FCN）和高产施氮（HYN）水平下其花粒期的干物质、 氮素转移及积累特性。结果表明，两个施氮水平下先玉335与郑单958均较内单314与四单19有显著的增产效果。农户常规施氮水平下，产量高低为郑单958、 先玉335内单314、 四单19，分别为13512、 13381、 12260和11932kg/hm2；高产施氮水平下，各品种产量表现为先玉335郑单958内单314四单19，分别为16364、 15895、 13916和12717 kg/hm2。农户常规施氮水平下，氮高效型品种与氮低效型品种间产量形成的差异主要来自于花前营养器官干物质转移量；而在子粒氮素积累上，氮高效型品种与氮低效型品种间的差异主要来自于吐丝期之后的氮素合成量。高产施氮水平下，氮高效型品种与氮低效型品种间产量形成的差异来自于花前营养器官干物质转移量与吐丝期之后干物质的合成，且在子粒氮素积累上，氮高效型品种与氮低效型品种间的差异来自于营养器官氮素转移量与吐丝期之后氮素合成量。氮高效型品种在农户常规施氮及高产施氮水平下均能有效提高子粒产量及氮素含量，且在高施氮量条件下更能有效利用氮素，增加花粒期干物质及氮素吸收转移量。

Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen migration of high-yielding spring maize for different nitrogen efficiency in the flowering and milking stages

Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency in four genotypes of high\|yielding spring maize under traditional nitrogen(FTN) and high-yielding nitrogen(HYN) treatments were studied in this experiment. The experimental varieties are Xianyu 335(XY335), Zhengdan 958(ZD958), Neidan 314(ND314) and Sidan19(SD19) and the dry matter and nitrogen use were examined in the flowering and milking stages. The results showed that yield of XY335 and ZD958 were significantly higher than those of ND314 and SD19 under two nitrogen levels. In traditional nitrogen treatment, the yield of ZD958, XY335, ND314 and SD19 were 13512, 13381, 12260 and 11932 kg/ha, with the order of ZD958, XY335 ND314, SD19. In high-yielding nitrogen treatment, the yield of XY335, ZD958, ND314, SD19 were 16364, 15895, 13916 and 12717 kg/ha, with the order of XY335, ZD958 ND314 SD19. In traditional nitrogen treatment, the yield differences between low nitrogen efficiency and high nitrogen efficiency genotypes mainly due to different dry matter transfer in vegetative organs before silking stage, while the difference of grain nitrogen accumulation mainly comes from the nitrogen synthesis amounts after silking stage. In high yield nitrogen treatment, yield of different nitrogen efficient varieties come from the dry matter transfer in vegetative organs before flowering and dry matter synthesis amount after silking stage. Grain nitrogen accumulation of different nitrogen efficient varieties come from the nitrogen transfer in vegetative organs and the nitrogen synthesis after silking stage. Nitrogen efficient varieties in traditional nitrogen and high-yield nitrogen levels can improve yield and nitrogen content of grain. Nitrogen use efficiency was enhanced in high-yield nitrogen levels, and dry matter and nitrogen uptake and transfer increased during the flowering and milking stages.