北方褐土区冬小麦养分平衡施肥参数研究

【目的】利用养分平衡法原理,研究各养分平衡施肥参数,建立以土壤有效养分测定为基础的我国褐土冬小麦测土推荐施肥指标体系,以简捷快速、科学合理地指导我国北方褐土区冬小麦的施肥与生产。【方法】通过对多年多点小麦肥效试验结果的分析,分别计算出小麦单位产量养分吸收量、土壤有效养分校正系数、肥料当季利用率等养分平衡施肥参数,主要研究土壤环境、产量水平等因素对土壤有效养分校正系数和肥料利用率的影响及变化规律。【结果】冬小麦每百千克小麦产量养分吸收量在一个相对稳定的范围内变化,因此忽略其变化将其定为常数,即氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)分别为3 kg、1.2 kg和2.8 kg。土壤有效养分校正系数与土壤有效养分含量之间呈显著幂指数负相关关系。在不同的产量水平下,肥料养分当季利用率与土壤有效养分含量之间呈显著对数负相关关系。在此基础上,建立了以养分平衡原理为依据、土壤有效养分测定为基础的我国褐土冬小麦测土推荐施肥指标体系。【结论】由于养分平衡模型的作物推荐施肥量是根据目标产量需肥量与土壤供肥量之差来计算的,在利用该模型进行施肥推荐时,研究的关键点应该是如何准确确定模型中土壤有效养分校正系数和肥料当季利用率等参数,以便得到广泛地推广应用。在北方褐土区建立了以养分平衡原理为依据,土壤肥力测定为基础,具有氮、磷和钾全定量特性的小麦测土推荐施肥体系。

Study on parameters of balanced fertilization for winter wheat in cinnamon soil in Northern China

【Objectives】 Based on principle of nutrient balanced method, parameters of balanced fertilization for winter wheat in cinnamon soil in Northern China were studied. A soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index system for winter wheat in cinnamon soil was established to guide fertilizer use and wheat production directly, quickly, scientifically and rationally in this region.【Methods】The parameters of balanced fertilization for winter wheat in cinnamon soil of Northern China were studied by field trials in multiple sites and years. The parameters as nutrient uptake per 100 kg grain, calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients and apparent recovery efficiency of applied fertilizer were calculated respectively in this study. The impact of soil environment factors and yield on the calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients and apparent recovery efficiency of applied fertilizer and their variation tendency was studied.【Results】The results indicate the nutrient uptakes per 100 kg grain of wheat for nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)are 3, 1.2 and 2.8 kg respectively with small variation. The calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients relate significant negatively with soil available nutrients by power exponent. The apparent recovery efficiencies of the applied fertilizers have negative logarithmic relationship with soil available nutrients in different yield range. Based on the nutrient balanced method, a soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index system for winter wheat in cinnamon soil is established to guide fertilizer use and wheat production directly, quickly, scientifically and rationally in this region.【Conclusions】Based on the nutrient balanced model, the fertilizer rates are recommended by the differences between the fertilizer requirement amounts for a target yield and soil nutrient-supplying amounts. The key point for the fertilizer recommendation is how to accurately determine basic parameters as the calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients and apparent recovery efficiencies of the applied fertilizer, which can make model be popularized and applied widely. Finally, the soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index system with quantitative characteristics of N, P, and K for winter wheat in cinnamon soil of Northern China is established, which is based on the nutrient balanced method and the related soil testing.