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有机肥无机肥配施对稻田氨挥发和水稻产量的影响
引用本文:李菊梅,徐明岗,秦道珠,李冬初,宝川靖和,八木一行.有机肥无机肥配施对稻田氨挥发和水稻产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(1):51-56.
作者姓名:李菊梅  徐明岗  秦道珠  李冬初  宝川靖和  八木一行
作者单位:1.中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 北京 100081;
基金项目:中-日合作项目,国家科技攻关项目
摘    要:在南方红壤区双季稻田进行田间试验,研究等氮、磷、钾量条件下,有机无机肥配施对稻田氨挥发及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,有机无机肥配合施用能显著地降低稻田氨挥发,减少氮素损失,提高氮肥利用率。单施化肥(尿素),其氨挥发损失达37.8%,而单施有机肥和有机无机肥各半配合施用,氨挥发损失分别为0.7%-1.0%和7.2%-18.2%。田间氨挥发持续的时间,早稻约在施肥后20d,晚稻为9-10d。虽然有机无机肥各半配合施用的水稻产量与单施化肥的相近,均比对照提高约70%,但前者的氮损失少,其氮肥利用率为34.9%,高于化肥处理(33.2%)和有机肥处理(28.0%)。有机无机肥配合施用对提高水稻产量和降低氮肥环境负效应的综合效应最佳。

关 键 词:有机肥    化肥    氨挥发    水稻产量
文章编号:1008-505X(2005)01-0051-06
修稿时间:2003年12月30

Effects of chemical fertilizers application combined with manure on ammonia volatilization and rice yield in red paddy soil
LI Ju-mei,XU Ming-gang,QIN Dao-zhu,LI Dong-chu,Yasukazu Hosen,Kazuyuki Yagi.Effects of chemical fertilizers application combined with manure on ammonia volatilization and rice yield in red paddy soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2005,11(1):51-56.
Authors:LI Ju-mei  XU Ming-gang  QIN Dao-zhu  LI Dong-chu  Yasukazu Hosen  Kazuyuki Yagi
Institution:1.Soil and Fertilizer Inst.;CAAS;Beijing 100081;China ; Japan International Res . Center for Agric . Sci.;Tsukuba;Japan;Japan National Inst. of Agro-Envir. Sci.;Tsukuba;Japan
Abstract:A field experiment was conducted in Qiyang, Hunan province, a typical red soil region of southern China, to study the effects of organic and inorganic N fertilizers on ammonia volatilization and rice yield in paddy soil. Four treatments were designed with four replications and laid out in field by Latin Square Design. Four treatments were PK treatment as control, NPK treatment (urea as N), NPKM treatment (half chemical fertilizers + half manure) , M treatment (pig manure as N) , same amount of N, P, K either organic or inorganic forms (N 150 kg/hm2, P2O5 100.5 kg/hm2 and K2O 109.5 kg/hm2) were applied in each plot. All fertilizers were applied once as base fertilizers before one day of rice transplanted. NH3 volatilization was measured by chamber method. Concentration of NH4+-N, pH and temperature in surface water were determined simultaneously. The results showed that NH3 volatilization in the four treatments decreased in order as NPK > NPKM > M≈PK. N loss through NH3 volatilization during rice growth period accounted for 37.8 % of N applied in NKP treatment, 12.7% in NPKM treatment and 0.9% in M treatment averagely. When urea was applied to paddy soil, it changed to NH4+-N quickly, the concentration of NH4+-N in surface water within 10-15 days after fertilization was much higher than that of manure treatment. NH3 volatilization, which was mainly occurred in 20 days after fertilization in early rice and 9-10 days in later rice, was close related to concentration of NH4+-N, temperature and pH of surface water. The rice yields of NPKM, NPK, M treatments were increased by 68.6%,68.1% and 60.0% respectively for early rice, and increased by 72.0%,69.6% and 34.2% for late rice compared with control treatment. Not only the yield of rice with NPKM treatment increased by 70 % averagely compared with PK treatment, but also thenitrogen loss was less compared with NPK treatment. N use efficiency of NPKM treatment was 34.9% , higher than that of NPK treatment (33.2%) and M treatment (28.0%).
Keywords:organic manure  chemical fertilizer  NH3 volatilization  rice yield
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