间作和施氮对小麦和蚕豆籽粒淀粉及蛋白质含量的影响

  【目的】  探明小麦/蚕豆间作下作物籽粒淀粉和蛋白质含量的变化特征及其对氮肥施用的响应。  【方法】  小麦/蚕豆间作田间试验于2019和2020年在云南昆明进行，供试小麦品种为云麦52 (Triticum aestivum L.)，蚕豆品种为玉溪大粒豆(Vicia faba L.)。种植模式包括小麦单作、蚕豆单作、小麦蚕豆间作。每个种植模式均设4个施氮水平，小麦分别为N 0、90、180、270 kg/hm2，蚕豆分别为N 0、45、90、135 kg/hm2。成熟期测定了小麦和蚕豆籽粒淀粉和蛋白质含量。  【结果】  随着氮肥施用量的增加，单作、间作小麦籽粒的淀粉含量均显著降低。在4个施氮水平下，2019和2020年间作小麦较单作小麦籽粒总淀粉含量分别提高了10%和22%，支链淀粉含量分别提高了5%和18%，直链淀粉含量分别提高了18%和28%。间作蚕豆相较于单作蚕豆显著降低了籽粒支链、直链和总淀粉含量，且年际间变异较大。2019和2020年间作小麦籽粒总蛋白含量较单作小麦分别提高了5%和6%，醇溶蛋白含量分别提高了9%和15%；蚕豆间作也较单作提高了两年的蚕豆籽粒球蛋白含量和2019年的醇溶蛋白含量，但对蚕豆籽粒总蛋白及其它蛋白组分含量无明显影响。  【结论】  小麦蚕豆间作有利于提高小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量，而对蚕豆籽粒蛋白质含量几乎无影响，因此，间作是一种具有品质优势的种植模式。

Effects of intercropping and nitrogen application on protein and starch contents of wheat grain and faba bean seeds

  【Objectives】  We assessed the characteristics of grain starch and protein content of wheat and faba bean under intercropping and nitrogen (N) application.  【Methods】  The wheat and faba bean intercropping field trial was conducted in Kunming, Yunnan in 2019 and 2020. The tested cultivar for wheat was Triticum aestivum L, and that of faba bean was Vicia faba L. The cropping pattern treatments included mono-wheat (MW), mono-faba bean (MF), and wheat and faba bean intercropping (W/F). Four N levels were setup under each cropping pattern. The four N application levels for wheat were N 0, 90, 180, 270 kg/hm2, and those of faba bean were N 0, 45, 90, 135 kg/hm2. The protein and starch content of wheat grains and faba bean seeds were determined at maturity stage.  【Results】  The total starch content in both inter- and mono-cropped wheat grains decreased with increasing N application rates. In 2019 and 2020, intercropping increased wheat total starch by10% and 22%, amylopectin by 5% and 18%, and amylose by 18% and 28%, as compared to mono-wheat. N application levels did not affect the starch content of faba beans over the two years. Compared to mono-faba bean, intercropping decreased amylopectin, amylose and total starch contents of faba bean seeds in 2019. Regardless of N application levels, intercropping increased the total protein and gliadin contents of wheat grains by 5% and 9% in 2019, and 6% and 15% in 2020, respectively, as compared to MW. Intercropping increased globulin and gliadin contents of faba bean seed in 2019, but did not have effect on the content of gliadin in 2020.  【Conclusions】  Wheat and faba bean intercropping increased wheat grain protein and starch contents, and showed little influence on those of faba bean seeds. Hence, wheat and faba bean intercropping is a promising planting pattern for high quality wheat production.