不同氮素用量对杭白菊养分累积、转运及产量的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究不同施氮量对杭白菊养分积累、转运及产量的影响,以确定杭白菊最佳氮肥用量。试验设5个处理,氮素用量分别为0、90 kg/hm2、120 kg/hm2、150 kg/hm2、180 kg/hm2,以N0、N1、N2、N3、N4表示,5次重复。结果表明,不同氮素用量影响杭白菊不同时期干物质和养分的阶段积累量,但不影响其积累趋势,整个生育期内杭白菊氮、磷、钾积累量为钾氮磷。不同施氮量影响茎叶氮、磷、钾的转移效率和在不同器官中的分配比率,以不施肥处理最高,N3(150 kg/hm2)次之。在氮、磷、钾三种元素中,转运效率磷氮钾。收获期氮、磷、钾在不同器官的分配比率不同,氮素、钾素分配比率为茎花叶根,磷素分配比率为茎花根叶。各处理杭白菊花的产量在1746.232~211.3 kg/hm2之间,以N3(150 kg/hm2)处理产量最高。在本实验条件下,杭白菊的推荐施氮量为150 kg/hm2。

Effect of N application rates on nutrients accumulation,transformation and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Aimed to determine the optimal N application rate, a series of field trials were carried out to investigate the effects of different N application rates on the yields, nutrient distribution and nutrient transformation in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Five N application levels: 0 kg/ha(N₀), 90 kg/ha(N₁), 120 kg/ha(N₂), 150 kg/ha(N₃)and 180 kg/ha(N₄)were set up with five replications. The area of each plot was 0.8 m×15 m. The results indicated that different N application rates significantly affected dry matter and nutrition accumulations at different growth stages, but did not affect the tendency of accumulation. The order of the accumulation of N, P and K throughout the whole growth period was: K＞N＞P. N application rates affected transfer efficiency and distribution ratio of N, P and K in different organs. The highest transfer efficiency and distribution rate was found in N₀ followed by N₃. The order of transfer efficiency of N, P and K was: P＞N＞K. At the deflowering stage, the distribution rates of N and P was: stem＞flower＞leaf＞root, but the distribution of K was: stem＞flower＞root＞leaf. The yield was ranged from 1746.23 kg/ha to 2211.3 kg/ha, the highest yield was found in N₃(150 kg/ha). Under this experimental conditions, the recommended N application for Chrysanthemum morifolium was 150 kg/ha.