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长期施肥条件下旱作农田土壤水分剖面分布特征
引用本文:王兵,刘文兆,党廷辉,高长青,李志,甘卓亭.长期施肥条件下旱作农田土壤水分剖面分布特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):411-416.
作者姓名:王兵  刘文兆  党廷辉  高长青  李志  甘卓亭
作者单位:1.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 西北农林科技大学 陕西杨凌;712100;
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程项目;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)
摘    要:利用黄土高原旱地长期定位施肥试验,通过比较不同施肥方式和施肥量对土壤剖面水分分布的影响,研究了施肥与土壤水分的关系,并对深层土壤水分消耗引起的水分生态效应进行了分析。试验期间,0300.cm土壤水分虽在雨季得到降水补充,但是播种期的土壤贮水量仍处于亏缺状态。结果表明,不同施肥方式和施肥量的试验处理中,100300.cm土层作物耗水剧烈,土壤水分含量均较低。与对照相比,单施磷肥对作物利用土壤水分没有显著影响;单施氮肥和氮磷配施均促进了作物对下层土壤水分的利用。在相同的施氮量下,施用磷肥加大了作物对深层土壤水分的利用,100300.cm土层的土壤含水率在磷肥用量达到45.kg/hm2后不再随施磷量的增加而降低;在同样的施磷条件下,作物对下层土壤水分的利用随施氮量的增加而增加,当施氮量增加到90.kg/hm2后,100300cm土层的土壤含水率达到一个稳定的值。在同样的氮磷用量情况下,施钾对土壤水分没有显著影响。

关 键 词:黄土高原    长期施肥    土壤水分    旱作农田
文章编号:1008-505X(2007)03-0411-06
收稿时间:2005-11-01
修稿时间:2006-09-25

Distribution features of soil water content in the profile of rainfed cropland with long-term fertilization
WANG Bing,LIU Wen-zhao,DANG Ting-hui,GAO Chang-qin,LI Zhi,GAN Zhuo-ting.Distribution features of soil water content in the profile of rainfed cropland with long-term fertilization[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2007,13(3):411-416.
Authors:WANG Bing  LIU Wen-zhao  DANG Ting-hui  GAO Chang-qin  LI Zhi  GAN Zhuo-ting
Institution:1.Institute of Soil and Water Conversation;CAS &MWR;and Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry;Yangling 712100;China;
Abstract:This study was conducted in the long-term experimental field at the Changwu tableland on the Loess Plateau to determine the relationship between soil water content and fertilization method and amount and analyze the hydrological and ecological consequences of water consumption in lower soil layers by comparing the effect of fertilization on soil water distribution in soil profiles.The experimental design consisted of a control treatment(CK) and 10 fertilization treatments with different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium applications.The soil water in 0—300 cm layer was supplied by precipitation in rainy season, but soil water deficit existed at sowing stage of winter wheat.In general,the average soil water content of 100—300 cm profile was lower than that of 0—100 cm and 300—600 cm in all treatments because of more intensive water consumption in this layer.Fertilization with phosphorus alone was not significantly different from the control treatment with relatively higher soil moisture.Nitrogen applied alone or with phosphorus together increased water utilization of the lower soil layer.Soil water content decreased with more phosphorus use under the same amount of nitrogen application and changed little after P rate reached 45 kg/ha.Nitrogen application also increased soil water consumption at the same rate of P application;however,soil water content reached a steady level after nitrogen application reached 90 kg/ha.Potassium application had no significant effect on soil moisture in this experiment.
Keywords:Loess Plateau  long-term fertilization  soil water content  rainfed cropland
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