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连续过量施磷和有机肥的产量效应及环境风险评价
引用本文:张凤华,廖文华,刘建玲.连续过量施磷和有机肥的产量效应及环境风险评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1280-1287.
作者姓名:张凤华  廖文华  刘建玲
作者单位:1.河北农业大学现代教育技术中心,河北保定 071001;
摘    要:通过5年田间肥料定位试验,研究连续过量施用磷肥和有机肥在蔬菜上的产量效应,土壤积累磷在0—5, 0—10, 10—20, 20—80 cm土层的分布特点及农田积累磷的流失风险评价。结果表明,P2O5用量为180~360 kg/hm2,大白菜、伏白菜、辣椒、豆角的产量分别平均增加21.5%、39.5%、71.6%、50.0%;有机肥用量为150~300 t/hm2,4种蔬菜产量分别平均增加23.8%、26.7%、62.6%、80.0%,差异均达到显著和极显著水平。土壤Olsen-P 在蔬菜上的产量效应符合一元二次式。连续5年施用磷肥和有机肥,0—60 cm土壤各形态磷均显著积累;20—40、40—60、60—80 cm土壤Olsen-P分别相当于0—20 cm Olsen-P 的35.7%、11.8%、7.1%;0—20 cm 土壤Olsen-P分别相当于0—5、0—10 cm Olsen-P的 88.1%、84.0%。0—20 cm土壤Olsen-P与CaCl2-P、NaOH-P、灌溉滞留水中的可溶磷及农田磷流失风险势(P-index )均呈显著正相关关系。石灰性土壤Olsen-P可作为评价农田磷生产力和环境风险评价的指标。

关 键 词:磷肥    有机肥    产量效应    Olsen-P    环境风险    评价
收稿时间:2008-12-15

Applications of phosphorus and organic fertilizers on yields of vegetables and their environmental impacts
ZHANG Feng-hua,LIAO Wen-hua,LIU Jian-ling.Applications of phosphorus and organic fertilizers on yields of vegetables and their environmental impacts[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(6):1280-1287.
Authors:ZHANG Feng-hua  LIAO Wen-hua  LIU Jian-ling
Institution:1.Modern Education and Technology Centre,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;
Abstract:A 5-year in-situ fertilizer experiment in a rotation system of Chinese cabbage-capsicum (bean) was carried out to nvestigate the influences of excessive application rates of phosphorus (P) and organic fertilizers on vegetables yields,distributions of different P fractions at soil layers of 0-5, 0-10, 10-20 and 20-80 cm, and environmental risk of cumu-lative P in the field. The results show that yields of Chinese cabbage, cabbage, capsicum and bean are increased by 21.5%, 39.5%, 71.6% and 50.0% under P_2O_5 application rates of 180-360 kg/ha, respectively, while those under manure application rates of 150-300 t/ha are increased by 23.8%, 26.7%, 62.6% and 80.0%, respectively, and the increased yields are all at the significant level comparing to the no fertilizer application. The response of Chinese cabbage yield to soil Olsen-P at 0-20 cm layer can be modeled using a quadratic equation. After five-year applications of P and organic fertilizers, the contents of different P fractions axe enriched at soil layer of 0-60 cm, and the Olsen-P accumulations at 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm soil layers are 35.7%, 11.8% and 7.1% of that at 0-20 cm soil layer, respec-tively. Content of Olsen-P at the 0-20 cm layer is about 88.1% and 84.0% of that at the layers of 0-5 and 0-10 cm,respectively. Soil Olsen-P at 0-20 cm layer is positively correlated to CaCl_2-P, NaOH-P and soluble phosphorus in irri-gating stayed water and P-index, which indicates that Olsen-P might be a useful indicator to evaluate soil P supply capacity and environmental risk of agricultural P in calcareous soil.
Keywords:phosphorus  organic fertilizer  yield response  Olsen-P  assessment of environmental risk
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