种植翻压二月兰配施化肥对春玉米养分吸收利用的影响

研究了华北地区种植翻压冬绿肥二月兰（Orychophragmus violaceus L.）后，在当地习惯施肥基础上玉米减量施肥措施对春玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响。试验设不施肥（F0）、 习惯施肥（F100）、 单施绿肥（F0+G）以及绿肥与不同比例的化肥配施（化肥习惯用量的70%、 85%、 100%）（F70+G、 F85+G、 F100+G）6个处理。结果表明，施用化肥和化肥绿肥配施均能显著提高春玉米产量，增加地上部总养分量和不同器官养分的累积量，改善养分在不同器官中的分配比例。与F0比较， F100、 F70+G、 F100+G 和F85+G处理的春玉米产量分别增加101.4、 108.4、 115.5和130.4 g/plant，增幅达120.9%、 129.2%、 137.6%和155.3%。翻压绿肥后，化肥减量15%的处理（F85+G）春玉米子粒产量增加29.0 g/plant、 地上部吸氮量增加0.65 g/plant，显著高于单施化肥处理F100；绿肥配施100%的化肥和化肥减量30%的处理（F100+G、 F70+G）玉米生物量、 养分吸收量与习惯施肥（F100）无明显差异。翻压绿肥配施不同比例化肥的 3个处理与F100相比玉米子粒养分累积量及分配比例没有明显差异。

Effect of combined application of February Orchid (Orychophragmus violaceus L.)and chemical fertilizer on nutrient uptake and utilization of spring maize

Effects of reducing farmers fertilizer rates on yield and nutrient utilization of spring maize were investigated by using February Orchid (Orychophragmus violaceus L.) as green manure. There were six treatments, control (F0), farmers fertilizer rate (F100), green manure application only (F0+G), and green manure combined with 70%, 85% and 100% of farmers fertilizer rates (F70+G, F85+G and F100+G), respectively. The results show that both the fertilizer and the fertilizer combined with green manure could increase the yields and nutrient accumulation amounts of shoot and component tissues, and could improve the nutrient distribution in maize. The yields of F100, F70+G, F100+G and F85+G are 101.4, 108.4, 115.5 and 130.4 g/plant, which are about 120.9%, 129.2%, 137.6% and 155.3% higher than the control, respectively. Compared with F100, maize grain yield and shoot N accumulation under the treatment of F85+G are significantly increased by 29.0 g/plant and 0.65 g/plant, respectively. There are no significant differences among the treatments of F100, F85+G and F100+G for biomass and nutrient accumulation. The nutrient accumulation and distribution in grains under the green manure application combined with fertilizer treatments (F100+G, F85+G and F70+G) are similar to those of the F100 treatment.