鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中氨氧化古菌群落结构的动态变化

应用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR DGGE）技术，研究了好氧堆肥过程氨氧化古菌（ammonia oxidizing archaea, AOA）的群落结构和多样性变化。结果表明，不同堆肥时期鸡粪好氧堆肥AOA菌群的群落结构发生了明显的变化。与AOA HH 2(GU2258721)亲缘关系较近的b条带(相似性96%)和未培养泉古菌属［uncultured crenarchaeote NM 152(HQ8752251)］的m条带(相似性99%)是堆肥过程一直存在的AOA菌属。条带c、 b、 f、 i和条带m、 k、 l、 n代表的种属分属两个大类。AOA群落的Shannon Weiner指数（H）、 均匀度指数（EH）均表现为第30 d＞第5 d＞第25 d第45 d＞第3 d第12 d＞第1 d第15 d。对AOA种群数据与不同时期堆体温度、 pH、 全氮、 铵态氮、 亚硝态氮和硝态氮等环境因子的冗余分析表明，堆体温度、 全氮、 亚硝态氮和硝态氮对氨氧化古菌群落演替有着显著的影响（P0.05），AOA的群落结构在堆肥第1 d、 第5 d、 第25 d、 第30 d、 第45 d变化较大。说明这些参数能有效控制鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中AOA的群落结构。

Dynamic changes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea community structure during aerobic composting of chicken manure

The polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR DGGE) was used to investigate the community structure and species diversity of ammonia oxidizing archaea(AOA) during poultry species composting. The results show that the AOA community structure and species diversity at different stages of chicken manure composting are markedly changed, and the band b, which shows 96% similarity to the AOA HH-2(GU2258721) and band m, which shows 99% similarity to the uncultured Crenarchaeote NM-152(HQ8752251), represent the major AOA bacterial species during the composting. The bands c, b, f and i, and the bands m, k, l and n represent the species of the two populations of bacteria, respectively. Shannon Weiner index (H) and evenness index (EH) of the AOA colonies are different at different stages of the composting, and the following order is:  day 30>day 5>day 25≈day 45>day 3≈day 12>day 1≈day 15 The redundancy analysis of the AOA colonies at different stages of the composting shows that the AOA colony evolution is all significantly affected by the composting temperature, whole nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen (P<005), while pH is not affected. The AOA community structure is changed markedly on days 1, 5, 15, 30 and 45 of the composting. These results indicate that several parameters could control AOA community structure during composting of chicken manure.