追氮时期对不同粒色类型小麦产量和品质的影响

为了研究追施氮肥时期对不同粒色类型小麦产量和品质的影响，以白粒小麦、黑粒小麦、绿粒小麦各两个品种为材料在大田里进行不同追氮时期的试验。结果表明，春5叶追氮在提高小麦的子粒蛋白及组分含量方面要优于春2叶追氮。绿粒小麦、黑粒小麦的子粒蛋白质含量显著高于本试验所选的白粒小麦，且通过追氮时期的后移可以拉大这种差距。追氮时期对加工品质的影响不存在品种差异，各品种春5叶追氮处理的结果均高于春2叶。追氮时期对不同粒色类型小麦的形成时间和稳定时间的影响较小，但它会影响黑粒小麦的沉降值和湿面筋含量，所以氮肥运筹对黑粒小麦加工品质的改善有一定意义。和春2叶追氮相比，春5叶追氮更有利于提高小麦的产量，绿粒小麦和白粒小麦的产量及相关指标受追氮时期的影响相对较大，黑粒小麦受追氮时期的影响较小。

Effects of nitrogen top dressing time On yield and quality in wheat with different types of grain color

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen top dressing time on yield and quality in wheat with different types of grain color. The cultivars were white wheat (Jindong8 and Wanmai38), black wheat (Luozhen1 and KZ6061), and green wheat (Lvmai1 and Lvmai2), Black wheat and green wheat had pigment in endosperm and seed coat. The results showed that, comparing to nitrogen applied at the 2 leaf stage, nitrogen applied on the 5 leaf stage resulted in higher protein content. The protein content was significantly higher in color wheat than in common white wheat. Nitrogen application at late stages of wheat growth could magnify the differences of the protein content between colored wheat and common white wheat. Nitrogen applied at late stages enhanced protein contents in wheat with black and green colored grain. No difference was found on the effects of nitrogen top dressing time on the processing quality between different varieties. Nitrogen applied on the 5 leaf stage resulted in better processing quality than on the 2 leaf stage. The differences of development and stability time resulted from N applied time between two treatments were not significant. Sedimentation volume and gluten content were higher in color wheat than in white wheat. Processing quality in black wheat was better than that in green wheat. Consequently, nitrogen applied strategies were rather more important to improve processing quality of black wheat. Grain yield in color wheat was lower than that in white wheat, but higher than green wheat. Yield in green and white wheat showed a relative larger response in green and white color wheat than black one.