长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田水稻子粒品质性状与土壤肥力因子的影响

在福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验的第26年，研究了不同施肥处理对水稻子粒品质性状与土壤肥力因子的影响。结果表明，化肥+牛粪（NPKM）、化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）及单施化肥（NPK）处理的水稻子粒必需氨基酸含量分别较不施肥（CK）处理提高256%、161%、131%，差异显著; 粗蛋白与淀粉含量则分别提高111141与2339个百分点，均以NPKM处理增效最为突出。各施肥处理显著提高了子粒氮、磷含量，升幅最高的NPKM处理分别比CK提高261%、311%,且提高了子粒钙、镁、硫中量元素含量。子粒氮、磷、镁、硫含量与氨基酸呈显著正相关，子粒氮、钙、硫含量与淀粉呈显著正相关。3个施肥处理均提高了土壤有机质及有效养分含量，并以速效钾的增加最为明显。此外，土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷等肥力因子与子粒氨基酸、淀粉品质性状均呈显著正相关; 土壤碱解氮和子粒氮含量与土壤速效磷及子粒磷含量均呈显著正相关。综合考虑施肥对水稻产量、品质性状与稻田土壤肥力的影响，以NPKM处理最优。

Effects of long-term fertilization on rice grain qualities and soil fertility factors in yellow paddy fields of southern China

Based on data collected at the 26th year of a long-term fertilization experiment in the yellow paddy in Fujian,we investigated the influences of different long-term fertilization regimes on the characters of rice grain quality and the factors of soil fertility.The results show that compared with the control(No fertilization,CK),total essential amino acid contents of rice grain in the treatments of chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure(NPKM),chemical fertilizer plus straw(NPKS) and chemical fertilizer(NPK) ...