工厂化循环水养殖系统中流场特性与鱼类互作影响的研究进展与展望

随着人口与经济的发展，水产养殖业在世界范围内迅速兴起，集约型工厂化循环水养殖因其高密度、低污染、高效率等独特的优势，契合水产养殖业绿色发展理念，已成为水产养殖转型升级的重要方向之一。水作为循环水养殖系统中重要的环境因子，其流态能够直接影响鱼类的生长及福利，同样，鱼类存在及运动也会影响到系统流态的构建。本文综合分析了循环水养殖系统中流场条件对不同鱼类生长发育及福利的影响，鱼类及其运动行为对养殖池内水动力条件及性能的影响，以及鱼类对养殖池内流场流态、水体混合等的影响。将研究鱼类运动对流场特性的影响方法主要归纳为实测法和数值研究，通过对比分析2种方法的优点和不足之处，并结合当前循环水养殖产业系统构建中的问题提出针对性方法建议，旨在为系统中水动力条件的设计拓展思路，促进循环水养殖产业流态构建向“鱼”与“水”兼顾的方向发展。

Research progress and perspectives on the influence of flow field characteristics and fish interactions in factory recirculating aquaculture systems

Both population and economic development are driving the rapid adoption of aquaculture development worldwide. The unique attributes of the intensive factory recirculating aquaculture system, including high density, low pollution, and high efficiency, have made this system an important avenue for aquaculture transformation and improvement, and this fits the current concept of green development in aquaculture. Flow patterns are an important environmental factor in the recirculating water aquaculture systems, with this parameter directly affecting the growth and welfare of fish within the system. However, it is also worth noting that the presence and movement of the fish also affect the construction of the system flow pattern. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of flow field conditions in recirculating aquaculture systems on different fish species, including the effects of flow rate on the growth and development, physiological indicators, and survival rates of commonly cultured fish, as well as the effects of other hydrodynamic conditions, such as circulating water and circulating water exchange rates, on fish behavior. The effects of fish and their locomotor behavior on hydrodynamic conditions and performance in culture ponds are also discussed, including the effects on turbulence intensity, flow-field flow patterns, and water mixing in these systems. The methods used to study the effect of fish movement on the flow field characteristics of any system can be broadly categorized into real measurement methods and numerical studies, where the real measurement methods include the visualization of research objects using the particle image velocimetry (PIV), acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV), and rhodamine water tracer fluorescence method. In contrast, numerical studies primarily rely on the application of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are evaluated in this study. Our evaluations include a discussion of the common problems with the current system for constructing the circulating water aquaculture systems in industry, such as neglecting the flow field construction, lack of cross-disciplinary research, poor regularity, and repeatability of research, and suggest that a systematic experimental program should be established in combination with refined numerical simulation methods to facilitate the development of more accurate complex models. The aim of this study was to clarify the design of hydrodynamic conditions in these aquaculture systems in order to promote the development of better circulating water aquaculture systems for the industry in the hope of improving both the fish and water balance.