黄土旱塬小麦长期施肥的产量效应及土壤肥力变化

基于20 a长期施肥定位试验，研究了丰水年施肥对小麦产量和土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明：各种肥料单施或配施对小麦产量的影响顺序为NPM〉NM〉NP〉PM〉M〉N〉P〉CK，肥料配施有利于提高小麦产量并维持相对稳产；NP、NM、PM、NPM的交互作用明显，连应值均为正；氮磷配施能显著提高肥料对产量的贡献率和水分利用率，氮磷有机肥配施效果最佳，肥料对产量的贡献率为64.9%，水分利用率提高了103.5%，氮磷单施不如肥料配施；氮磷配施不利于土壤速效钾的积累，化肥和有机肥长期配施有利于土壤养分含量的增加，提高土壤肥力。

Yield Effects and Soil Fertility Evolution of Long-term Application of Fertilizer on Wheat in Dry Land of Loess Plateau

Based on 20years long-term experiment of applying fertilizers on continuous wheat.This experiment studied the yield effects and soil fertility evolution of long-term location application of fertilizer on wheat in dry land of loess plateau.The results showed that fertilizer single applying or combine applying had effects on wheat yield,In abundant precipitation years the effects order was NPM>NM>NP>PM>M>N>P>CK.The combine fertilizer application could improve yield stably;and there was significantly relation between NP,NM,PM and NPM,these results were all positive;The combine fertilizer application increased the contribution ratio of fertilizer to yield and water use efficiency significantly,which was better than single applying.The combination of N,P and manure was best,which increased WUE by 103.5%,and Its contribution ratio of fertilizer to yield was 64.9%.Available potassium was decreased when combine applying N and P,the combination of N,P and manure could improved soil nutrient content.