8份强筋小麦品种抗旱性评价

为给强筋冬小麦品种的抗旱性评价和抗旱指标筛选提供理论依据，以黄淮麦区种植的8个强筋小麦品种为材料，在水培条件下设置正常供水（对照）和20％聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫两个处理，测定了萌发期11个抗旱相关指标、幼苗期20个抗旱相关指标，计算各指标的抗旱系数，采用主成分分析法和隶属函数法求得综合抗旱能力评价值（D值），基于D值评价萌发期和幼苗期抗旱性；在旱棚池栽条件下，测定了2种水分处理下（适时一次灌溉、雨养）籽粒产量，基于产量抗旱系数评价全生育期抗旱性。结果表明：（1）干旱处理下，8个小麦品种萌发期发芽势、发芽率等10个抗旱指标显著低于对照，根冠比显著高于对照；幼苗期叶片净光合速率、气孔导度等13个抗旱指标不同程度地低于对照，胞间CO₂浓度、SOD活性等7个抗旱指标显著高于对照。（2）与适时一次灌溉相比，雨养条件下小麦籽粒产量显著降低，降幅18.70％~28.66％，产量抗旱系数为0.713~0.813。（3）8个强筋小麦品种在萌发期和幼苗期抗旱等级不尽相同。藁8901在2个生育时期均表现出抗旱性；科大1026、郑麦7698和丰德存麦5号在幼苗期表现出抗旱性，在萌发期对干旱敏感；新麦26、郑麦366、周麦32号和周麦36在2个生育时期均对干旱敏感。（4）产量抗旱系数与萌发期D值无显著相关性，但与幼苗期D值呈显著正相关。（5）经逐步回归分析，胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、CAT活性、脯氨酸含量、最大根长和总根长可作为强筋小麦品种苗期抗旱性鉴定的关键指标。

Drought Resistance Evaluation of Eight Strong Gluten Wheat Varieties

In order to provide theoretical basis for evaluation and index screening of drought resistance of strong gluten wheat varieties, eight strong gluten wheat varieties mainly planted in Huang-Huai wheat area were used as tested materials, and two treatments of normal water supply (CK) and 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) simulated drought stress were set up under hydroponic conditions. Eleven drought resistance related indices at germination stage and 20 drought resistance related indices at seedling stage were measured. The drought resistance coefficient of each index was calculated, and the comprehensive drought resistance evaluation D value was obtained by principal component analysis and membership function method. The drought resistance at germination stage and seedling stage was evaluated based on D value. The grain yield was measured under two water treatments (timely one-off irrigation and rain-fed) under the condition of dry shed pond cultivation. The drought resistance in whole growth period was evaluated based on yield drought resistance coefficient. The results showed that(1) under drought treatment, 10 indices at germination stage such as germination potential and germination rate were significantly lower than those under the control, and the root-shoot ratio was significantly higher than that under the control. 13 indices at seedling stage such as net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under drought treatment were lower than those under the control, while seven indices such as the intercellular CO₂ concentration and SOD activity were significantly higher than those under the control. (2)Compared with timely one-off irrigation, the wheat yield under rain-fed treatment was significantly reduced by 18.70%-28.66%. (3)The drought resistance grades of the eight strong gluten wheat varieties were different at germination stage and seedling stage. Gao 8901 was a drought-resistant variety at the two growth stages. Keda 1026, Zhengmai 7698, and Fengdecun 5 showed drought resistance at seedling stage, but they were sensitive to drought stress at germination stage. Xinmai 26, Zhengmai 366, Zhoumai 32, and Zhoumai 36 were sensitive to drought stress at the two growth stages. (4)The correlation between yield drought resistant coefficient and comprehensive evaluation D value of drought resistance was not significant at germination stage but positively significant at seedling stage. (5)Stepwise regression analysis showed that intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate, CAT activity, proline content, maximum root length, and total root length can be used as key indices for drought resistance identification of strong gluten wheat at seedling stage.