银杏嫁接技术研究

6 a 试验和生产实践证明, 长块削芽接和贴枝接是银杏最好的2 种嫁接方法, 操作方便, 接穗利用率高, 嫁接时间长, 接苗生长好, 嫁接成活率达90 %以上。普通枝接1 年生 砧木基径要0.50 cm 以上, 而削芽接和贴枝接只需0.35 cm 以上。接穗位置效应明显, 以结实树树冠外围1 年生延长枝为宜, 内膛枝、徒长枝和纤细枝不宜作接穗。翌年4 ～ 6 月科学施肥, 延迟接苗顶芽形成, 是培养壮苗的关键。1 年生砧木当年嫁接, 以8 月下旬至10 月中旬为好, 8 月中旬前嫁接, 接芽发育不良, 抽梢差。接后不能立即断砧, 否则接苗因饥饿死亡。用大树根蘖枝、幼树和幼苗枝嫁接的假苗, 可从苗木长势、抽梢整齐度、削度、有无雌蕊和结实识别。表4 参3

Study on grafting in Ginkgo biloba

A 6-year trial and production practice showed that budding with an oblong-shaped scion cut from a length of bud stick and budding with a length of bud stick whittled on the back side of the grafted bud as a scion were 2 of best ways for grafting in Ginkgo biloba .They were easily operated with a high utilization rate for scions .Seedlings could be grafted during a relatively long period of time with a survival rate of more than 90 % and grafted seedlings grow well .For commonly used shoot grafting , the basal diameter of the one-year stock should be above 0.50 cm and for budding with a scion either cut f rom a length of bud stick or got by cutting a length of bud stick on the back side of the grafted bud , the stock should have a basal diameter of more than 0.35 cm .The position effect of scions was obvious .One-year-old extending shoots on the outside of the canopy of abig fruiting tree can be used as scions . Those in the centre of the canopy , thin shoots and water sprouts couldn't be used as scions in grafting .The best time for grafting one-year-old stock during growing season was between late August and mid-October .If grafting was done before mid-August , shooting of the grafted seedling was not good on account of bad development of the bud of the scion and the stock couldn't be cut immediately after grafting .Otherwise , the grafted seedling would die of starvation .The key for growing vigorous seedlings was to apply fertilizers several times from April to June to postpone the formation of the terminal bud of the grafted seedling .Seedlings grafted with scions from suckers , young trees and shoots of youny seedlings could be distinguished in terms of vogor of seedling growth , uniformity of shooting , the degree to which new growth whittles down from the base to terminal , pistil and fruiting .