虾夷扇贝的闭壳力及其对捕食者海星的逃跑响应

采用压力传感器—测力计, 测定了 3 个规格虾夷扇贝(Pationopecten yessoensis)的闭壳力及其对捕食者海星刺激的逃跑行为响应, 以期了解虾夷扇贝的运动行为特性。3 个规格组虾夷扇贝壳长设置分别为(82.71±3.49) mm (大组)、(65.76±4.20) mm (中组)、(32.36±2.38) mm (小组)。研究发现, (1)3 种规格虾夷扇贝的闭壳频次(time/min) 分别为 0.7±1.6、1.1±0.5 和 0.6±0.4; 最大闭壳力 F_max 分别为(11.4±5.2) N、(5.9±1.3) N 和(1.8±0.6) N。虾夷扇贝的位相性与紧张性收缩交替出现, 在一个运动周期中, 紧张性收缩力大于位相性收缩力; 不同规格之间都存在显著性差异。规格越大, 闭壳能力越强。(2)当有海星刺激时, 3 个规格扇贝的 F_max、闭壳频次、总收缩力和紧张性收缩力都显著性增加。其中, 大中小 3 个规格的 F_max 分别增至(17.1±2.8) N、(8.3±2.3) N、(2.6±0.5) N。该方法量化了扇贝的运动行为。

Force production during shell clap of scallop Pationopecten yessoensis and its response to predator starfish

Scallop Pationopecten yessoensis is the mainly bottom culture species in Northern coastal of China. To know it moving characteristics after seeding will helpful to improve return catch rate and to select suitable releasing site. In this paper, the pressure sensor-force gauge is used to measure the force production of scallop Pationopecten yessoensis and their escape response to predator starfish, in order to understand the movement behavioral characteristics of the scallop. According to the shell length, the scallops were divided into 3 experimental groups: big size (82.71±3.49) mm, middle size (65.76±4.20) mm and small size (32.36±2.38) mm. 15 individual of each size of scallops were measure the force production for 3 min and then to measure the force response to starfish next day. The results showed that (1) the clap rates (time/s) of big, middle and small size scallop were 0.7±1.6, 1.1±0.5 and 0.6±0.4, respectively, and the maximum contraction force (F_max, N) were 11.4±5.2, 5.9±1.3 and 1.8±0.6, respectively. The phase and tonic contractions of scallops alternated, and there were significant differences between different sizes. The larger the size, the stronger the closing force. (2) When stimulated by starfish, the F_max, clap rate, total contraction force and tonic contraction force of 3 size scallops increased significantly. Among which, the maximum contraction force (F_max, N) of big, middle and small size scallop increased to 17.1±2.8, 8.3±2.3, 2.6±0.5, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the phase contraction force (Fphasic) with and without starfish stimulation, and there was no significant interaction between the size and the presence or absence of starfish stimulation. The force gauge method quantified the ability of the tonic contraction of scallop. In the future, it will be combined with video recording and other methods to further understand the jump or swim away speed from the predator and movement behavior characteristics of the scallop.