温度对红色型豌豆蚜生长发育和繁殖的世代累积效应

为了探明温度对红色型豌豆蚜的世代累积效应,为利用生态措施防治豌豆蚜提供理论依据,本研究在人工设置的5个温度条件下(12℃、17℃、22℃、25℃和28℃)调查了红色型豌豆蚜连续3代的生长发育、繁殖力及生命表等。研究结果表明:红色型豌豆蚜在12℃时F_2代的若虫期较F_0和F_1代分别缩短16.0%和6.8%,而22℃和25℃下若虫期在3代间无显著差异;12℃时世代历期在F_2代较F_0和F_1代分别缩短10.5%和12.4%,17℃、22℃和25℃条件下世代历期在3代间差异不显著。在12℃下红色型豌豆蚜F_2代平均产蚜量较F_0和F_1代降低;而在持续高温25℃条件下后代繁殖力下降幅度最大,F_1和F_2代平均产蚜量较F_0代分别下降49.3%和50.9%,22℃下F_1和F_2代产蚜量与F_0代无显著差异。连续饲养红色型豌豆蚜,其成蚜体重在12℃和25℃下受影响最小,体重在3代间无显著差异;22℃下F_1代成蚜体重显著高于F_0和F_2代,12℃时体质量增长率有随代数增加逐代增长的趋势。随世代数增加红色型豌豆蚜在12℃和25℃条件下净增殖力(R0)降低、平均世代周期(T)缩短;25℃时F_1和F_2代的内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)都较F_0代显著增长。表明在连续较低温或较高温胁迫下,红色型豌豆蚜后代繁殖力下降,体重无明显变化,但发育历期缩短,内禀增长率和周限增长率增长,表现出极强的环境适应能力,这可能是其种群数量上升的原因之一。

Cumulative effect of temperature on the growth, development and reproduction of red pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) among different generations

To determine the cumulative effect of temperatures on the growth, development and reproduction of red pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and further provide scientific theory for using ecological treatment on pea aphid, we studied the life tables of 3 continuous generations of red pea aphid through indoor observation under five temperature regimes (12 ℃, 17 ℃, 22 ℃, 25 ℃ and 28 ℃). Results showed that the nymph stage of F2 generation shortened by 16.0% and 6.8% compared with F0 and F1 generations at 12 ℃. There was no significant difference among three generations at 22 ℃ and 25 ℃. Respectively, F2 generation time reduced by 10.5% and 12.4% compared with F0 and F1 at 12 ℃. There was no significant difference among three filial generations at 17 ℃, 22 ℃ and 25 ℃. The average reproduction of F2 generation was significantly lower than those of F0 and F1 at 12 ℃. Also, offspring fertility obviously declined in continuous high temperature of 25 ℃. The average reproduction of F1 and F2 decreased by 49.3% and 50.9% respectively compared with F0. Also the fecundities of both F1 and F2 aphids were not significantly different compared with that F0 at 22 ℃. Continuous feeding of red pea aphid and the related gained weight were affected by the minimum at 12 ℃ and 25 ℃ among all treatments, and there was no significant difference in weight among three generations. The weight of F1 generation was significantly higher than those of F0 and F2 generations at 22 ℃, furthermore, the body weight growth rate apparently increased with the number of generations at 12 ℃. With increasing generations, under 12 ℃ and 25 ℃, net reproductive rate (R0) and generation time (T) of red pea aphid respectively declined and shortened. The intrinsic increase rate (rm) and finite increase rate (λ) of F1 and F2 generations increased significantly compared with F0 under 25 ℃. This showed that in continuous low temperature or high temperature stress, offspring fertility of red pea aphid declined. However, developmental duration shortened and with no significant changes in body weight. The intrinsic increase rate (rm) and finite increase rate (λ) increased, showing a strong adaptive capacity to the environment. This was one of the reasons for the rise of filial population of red pea aphid.