氮磷钾肥施用对油菜产量及养分吸收利用的影响

为油菜科学施肥提供依据，利用当前推广的6个油菜品种秦优11号（QY11）、中农油2008（ZNY2008）、中油杂11号（ZYZ11）、湘油17（XY17）、浙油601（ZY601）和沪油杂1号（HYZ1），在大田试验条件下研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用对油菜产量及氮、磷、钾素吸收利用的影响，并比较了不同品种对施肥响应的差异。结果显示，相同施肥处理下不同品种籽粒产量差异显著，不施N（PKB）、不施P（NKB）、不施K（NPB）及NPK全施（NPKB）处理下品种间最大差异分别为385、244、759和720kg/hm2，变异系数分别为18.1%、25.5%、16.4%和11.0%。氮、磷、钾施用可显著提高各品种产量和相应养分积累量，NPKB处理相比PKB、NKB及NPB处理分别增产1 101～2 012、1 681～2 459和293～1 567kg/hm2，N、P、K积累量分别增加63.0～113.2、17.2～23.8和94.1～166.3kg/hm2。不同品种氮、磷、钾肥利用率也存在显著差异。同一品种对氮、磷、钾的响应一致，其中秦优11号对氮、磷、钾肥施用的敏感程度均大于其它品种，湘油17耐低氮、低磷和低钾的能力均高于其它品种。

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium fertilizers on seed yield and nutrient uptake and utilization of rapeseed

For effective fertilization, field trial was conducted to study the (N, P and K) effects of fertilizers on seed yield and N, P, K utilization of 6 Brassica napus L. cultivars [Qinyou 11 (QY11), Zhongnongyou 2008 (ZNY2008), Zhongyouza 11 (ZYZ11), Xiangyou 17 (XY17), Zheyou 601 (ZY601) and Huyouza 1 (HYZ1)], and to compare the differences among the rapeseed cultivars. Results showed that yields were significantly different among cultivars under the same fertilization treatments. The maximum differences under PKB, NKB, NPB and NPKB treatments were 385, 244, 759 and 720 kg/hm2 respectively. The variable coefficients were 18.1%, 25.5%, 16.4% and 11.0% respectively. Application of N, P, K significantly improved yield and corresponding nutrient uptakes in cultivars. Their yields increased 1 101-2 012, 1 681-2 459 and 293-1 567 kg/hm2 respectively. And their N, P, K uptakes increased 63.0-113.2, 17.2-23.8 and 94.1-166.3 kg/hm2 respectively. Cultivars fertilizer efficiencies also showed great differences. The same cultivar had the same response to these 3 fertilizers, while Qinyou 11 was the most sensitive and Xiangyou 17 was the most tolerant to nutrient deficiency among the 6 cultivars.