土壤复合侵蚀研究进展与展望

土壤复合侵蚀是在两种或多种以上侵蚀营力交互作用或耦合作用下发生的侵蚀现象,也是最难治理的生态环境问题之一。近年来,在复合侵蚀发生机理、复合侵蚀对土壤退化作用及多动力侵蚀交互作用的模拟技术等方面取得了明显进展。该文基于前人研究成果,系统总结了复合侵蚀类型与特征、复合侵蚀发生机理、复合侵蚀研究方法等若干方面的研究进展,分析了研究中存在的主要问题,提出了今后在复合侵蚀规律与模拟试验方法等研究中需要重点解决的若干关键科学问题,以及应关注的基于多源数据融合的降雨-风洞-冻融等多动力交替循环试验模拟技术、复合侵蚀系统中驱动因子作用的定量评估技术与方法、多动力不同耦合状态下产沙过程辨识及量化等研究方向,以期为开展相关研究提供参考。

Research progress and prospects of complex soil erosion

Abstract: Complex soil erosion is an erosion phenomenon that occurs under the interaction or coupling of two or more erosive forces, and is one of the most difficult ecological problems to be managed. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the mechanism of complex erosion, the effect of complex erosion on soil degradation, and the simulation technology of multi-dynamic erosion interaction. Based on previous research, this paper systematically summarizes the research progress of the types and characteristics, mechanism and research methods of complex erosion. The main problems in the research are analyzed, and some key scientific problems to be solved in the future research on the law of complex erosion and the method of simulation test are put forward. Due to the obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity and the complexity driven by multi dynamics in complex erosion, the existing research results are still quite different, and the dynamic mechanism of the occurrence and development of complex erosion is still unknown. The research on theory and method of complex erosion simulation and quantitative assessment is still very weak. In particular, there is a lack of effective test key technology to reveal the multi power driving relationship. At present, the problems in the study of complex erosion mainly include: 1) The multi-dynamic interaction relationship in complex erosion is not studied as a complete dynamic system; 2) The spatial-temporal variation relationship between complex erosion process and environmental factors is not clear enough; 3) It is still a key problem to quantitatively identify the contribution rate of each driving factor in the process of complex erosion; 4) The quantitative research on the coupling and superposition of multi dynamic factors in the process of complex erosion is not enough. In the future, the dynamic mechanism of the occurrence and development of complex erosion and the simulation of multi dynamic decomposition will become the key research direction. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the complex erosion model under multi dynamic interaction, clarify the feedback mechanism of vegetation pattern on complex erosion, reveal the coupling mechanism of ecosystem degradation and complex erosion under multi dynamic stress, establish the identification method of the coupling relationship between multi dynamic complex erosion and sediment yield, and break through the theory and technology of complex erosion simulation. This will promote the development of complex erosion research from qualitative to quantitative, from process to mechanism, and will greatly enrich the research content of soil erosion dynamics, ecology and other related disciplines. We should focus on the following research directions: the simulation technology of rainfall-wind tunnel-freeze-thaw multi-dynamic alternating cycle test based on multi-source data fusion, quantitative evaluation technique and method for driving factor in compound erosion system, identification and quantification of sediment yield process under different coupling conditions of multi-dynamics in order to provide reference for related research.