昆明小麦气候适宜度研究

为了解昆明地区气候条件对小麦生长的适宜状况及其历史变化,依据小麦生理生态特征,利用前人建立的温度、降水和日照适宜度模型,分析了当地小麦的气象条件适宜程度。结果表明,在多年平均气候条件下,小麦整个生育期内,除抽穗开花期温度适宜度偏低外,其余生育期温度和日照适宜度总体较高;降水适宜度较低。抽穗开花期温度较低和降水不足是小麦产量形成的限制因子。从1971-2010年历史数据来看,昆明气候适宜度基本上维持在0.50左右,日照适宜度处于较高水平(0.80±0.05),降水适宜度呈现下降趋势,温度适宜度则总体呈上升趋势。

Study on Climate Suitability Degree for Wheat Production in Kunming

The growth and development of crops were affected by comprehensive climate factors, such as temperature, precipitation, sunshine and others. Analyzing climatic suitability of crops can provide theoretical foundation for the quantitative evaluation of crop climate. In this paper, based on the models proposed previously and combined with the physiology ecological characteristic of wheat, the climatic suitability for wheat production in Kunming was analyzed. Results indicated that the suitability degree for temperature and sunshine was relatively high in whole growing stage except low temperature suitability from heading to flowering of wheat, but the suitability degree for the precipitation was low. These explained that the lack of the natural precipitation and lower temperature from heading to flowering were the limited factors for the formation of wheat yield. Based on the historical data during whole growth period of wheat in 1971-2000, the climate suitability degree for wheat in Kunming was nearly 0.50, with a high sunshine suitability degree (0.80±0.05), and downtrend of precipitation suitability degree and uptrend of temperature suitability degree.