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Companion cropping with wheat increases resistance to Fusarium wilt in watermelon and the roles of root exudates in watermelon root growth |
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| Institution: | 1. Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy;2. Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy;1. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;2. National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India;3. Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India;4. Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;5. Department of Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria, Plant Stress Centre for Biology (PSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China;6. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico;7. Research Department, Alltech, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA;8. Nord Reet UG Greifswald, Germany and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany;9. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;10. São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil;11. LABiToN – LaboratóriodeAvaliaçãodeBioatividadeeToxicologiade Nanomateriais, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil |
| Abstract: | Pot experiments were performed to investigate the effects of companion cropping with D125 wheat on Fusarium wilt in watermelon. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is responsible for Fusarium wilt in watermelon. Also, the relationship between root exudates of wheat and watermelon growth was estimated. Studies showed that companion cropping with D125 wheat reduced the incidence rate of watermelon Fusarium wilt. Companion cropping with D125 wheat decreased malondialdehyde content and increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase and contents of flavonoid, total soluble phenolics and lignin in watermelon roots after inoculation with Fon compared to monoculture. qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of six specific genes were higher during the early stage of Fon infection in companion cropping than in monoculture. D125 wheat root exudates increased root length, root surface area, root volume, root number, root dry weight, but decreased root mean diameter in watermelon seedlings in the absence of sodium orthovanadate. These results suggest that companion cropping with D125 wheat reduced Fusarium wilt in watermelon by promoting the growth of watermelon roots and by triggering gene expression and physiological changes to protect the watermelon from injury. |
| Keywords: | Watermelon Companion crop Secondary metabolism compounds Gene expression MDA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Malondialdehyde PPO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"polyphenol oxidase PAL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"phenylalanine ammonia-lyase phospholipase allene oxide synthase 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase caffeovl-CoA O-methyltransferase 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase |
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