果园生草的生理生态效应研究与应用

果园生草作为维持果园土壤肥力和改善土壤环境的有效技术,在欧美、日本等国得到广泛的应用。中国20世纪80年代初引进生草制,并率先在福建、广东、山东等地果园中应用。但因中国果产区气候、立地条件差别较大,在草种选择与利用上缺乏相应的规范化技术,加之受传统大田耕作"除草务尽"、"与果争肥水"等思想影响,果园生草制一直未得到很好的推广应用,目前实施清耕的果园面积仍占总面积的80%以上。本研究结合现阶段中国果树产业技术发展现状及课题组在果园生草方面的研究工作,从果园小气候环境、土壤理化性质及植株生长和发育方面综述了果园生草的生理生态效应,提出了果园生草的管理策略,为适地推进果园生草栽培提供思路和参考依据。

The Research on Eco-physiological Effects and Application of Orchard Sod Culture

Orchard sod culture,the most effective technique to soil fertility maintenance and soil improvement,has been widely practiced in Europe,America,Japan,etc.In the early 1980s,China brought in orchard sod culture,and put it into use in Fujian,Guangdong and Shandong.As a result of the great difference in climate and site condition of different apple producing areas in China,there were not any standard techniques for the selection and application of grass species.In addition,affected by traditional thinking such as "All weeds should be removed" and "The grass would compete with the fruit trees for water and fertilizer",orchard sod culture hasn’t been well spread and applied.Currently,the areas of clean tillage still account for more than 80% of the total area.Based on the current technological development in fruit tree industry and the researches on orchard sod culture by the Research Group,this paper summarized the eco-physiological effects of orchard sod culture on the microclimate environment,the physical-chemical properties of soil and the growth and development of plant.It also puts forward management strategies for orchard sod culture and provides reference for spreading orchard sod culture in suitable areas.