不同规模农户冬油菜生产技术效率及影响因素分析——基于随机前沿函数与1 707个农户微观数据

采用随机前沿生产函数模型,对我国1 707个不同规模农户冬油菜生产技术效率进行实证分析.结果表明:我国油菜生产投工的产出弹性为0.153 5,处于劳动密集型阶段,且油菜种植规模与技术效率呈“U型”趋势.若消除技术无效率,会使现有油菜平均产出增加24.1％.效率损失函数显示:在小规模下,户主年龄(-3.225,估计系数,下同)、从事油菜劳动力(-0.501)、农技培训次数(-3.448)、收入水平(-0.567)、是否转包耕地(-0.366)等对技术效率有促进作用;农户家庭规模(0.476)、受教育程度(0.143)会产生阻碍作用;而在超大规模下,户主受教育程度(-0.251)、油菜种植面积(-0.171)、是否转包耕地(-0.540)对技术效率有促进作用;户主年龄(0.028)、农技培训次数(0.240)、是否外出务工(0.370)等会产生阻碍作用.

Winter rapeseed's technical efficiency and its influence factors: Based on the model of stochastic frontier production function and 1 707 micro-datas of farmers

Based on the model of stochastic frontier production function,this paper made an empirical analysis on winter rapeseed''s technology efficiency and its influence factors with a sample of 1707 farmers in different production scales in China.The study showed that the labor output elasticity of rapeseed production was 0.153 5,which meant it was still in the labor-intensive phase,and presented a "U" trend between rapeseed-cultivation scale and technical efficiency.If the technical inefficiency was eliminated,the average output of rapeseed would increase by 24.1%.The efficiency loss function showed that,for the small-scale producers,householders'' age(-3.225,the estimated coefficients,the same below),labor force of engaged in rapeseed(-0.501),the times of technology training (-3.448),income levels(-0.567) and subcontract of farmland (-0.366)had positive impact on technical efficiency,meanwhile the scale of rural households(0.476),level of education(0.143) had negative effects.Whereas for the ultra-large-scale producers,the level of education(-0.251),the size of rapeseed cultivation(-0.171)and subcontract of farmland(-0.540) had positive impacts on technical efficiency,but householders'' age(0.028),the times of technology training(0.240),outward employment or not (0.370)had negative effects.