北京市湿地公园生态需水保障分析

通过对北京市不同区县可建成湿地公园的42块湿地进行实地调查,从生态需水的概念发出,分析了北京市湿地公园生态需水的主要水源类型,依据野外现场水源补给调研结果,结合湿地公园最小和适宜生态需水量,给出了现有水资源量对不同等级湿地生态需水量的满足情况,并从再生水利用方面对北京市湿地公园生态需水保障问题进行了分析。结果表明:北京市湿地公园生态需水的主要水源类型包括天然降水、地下渗水、过境水和再生水;在所调查的42块湿地中,现有水资源量能够满足最小生态需水量的有39处,能够满足适宜生态需水量的有11处,区域现有水资源量难以满足最小生态需水量的有3处;总体来看,北京市再生水的有效利用能够满足最小生态需水的要求,并能够为湿地公园建设提供基本的水源保障。

Security Analysis of the Ecological Water Demand of Beijing Wetland Parks

Based on the field survey of 42 wetlands sites that could be constructed as wetland parks in different districts and counties in Beijing,the main types of water resources for the ecological water demand of wetland park in Beijing were analyzed from the viewpoint of the concept of ecological water demand.The wetland ecological water demand of wetland park was portioned into three different levels from the viewpoint of minimum and favorable ecological water demand by the investigation of field water resource supplementation and indemnification of the ecological water demand of wetland parks in Beijing,which was analyzed from the point of utilization of recycled water.The results showed that the main water resource of the ecological water demand of wetland park in Beijing was comprised of four types of water including the natural precipitation,the underground infiltration,the transit water and recycled water;Of the 42 wetland sites,39 wetlands operate under the conditions of full enough water resource that could meet the minimum ecological water demand based on the amount of water supplementation from the local area,comparing those operating under a favorable ecological water demand,which reached 11.However,the amount of water resource of 3 wetland sites does not meet the minimum ecological water demand because of the insufficient supplementation from the local area;In general,the efficient utilization of recycled water in Beijing makes the minimum ecological water demand accessible and guarantees the basic use of water resource in wetland parks.