旅游干扰对贺兰山典型草原生物多样性及土壤性质的影响

目的]探讨旅游干扰对贺兰山典型草原生物多样性及土壤性质的影响,进一步理解旅游干扰的生态影响效应与机制,为风景区资源与环境的保护管理提供参考。方法]采用样方法对贺兰山景区主要游览线路两侧植物群落及其土壤进行了调查,分析了不同强度旅游干扰(低度旅游干扰,中度旅游干扰,重度旅游干扰)对植物群落及其土壤性质的影响。结果](1)旅游干扰显著降低了植被覆盖度、枯落物含量、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数(p0.05);(2)旅游干扰对土壤理化性质具有较大影响,土壤容重随着干扰强度的增加而增加,含水量和电导率随着干扰强度的增加而降低;(3)在旅游干扰条件下,土壤微生物量碳和氮变化幅度较大,对旅游干扰表现最为敏感;(4)随着旅游干扰强度的增加,土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮和微生物量碳、氮均明显降低,全钾和有效钾随干扰强度的增加而增加;(5)旅游干扰区域土壤养分指标相关性基本与对照区域相一致,土壤全量养分均与其对应的有效养分呈极显著正相关(p0.01)。结论]中度旅游干扰并没有影响植被属性;旅游干扰对土壤性质有一定影响,而此影响并没有改变土壤养分因子之间的相互作用效应。

Impacts of Tourism Disturbance on Biological Diversity and Soil Properties of Typical Steppe in Helan Mountain Scenic Area

Objective] To explore impacts of tourism disturbance on biological diversity and soil properties of typical steppe in Helan Mountain scenic area in order to further understand the ecological effect and mechanism of tourism disturbance, and to provide the reference for the protection of scenic resources and environment management. Methods] Sample investigation was conducted to different intensity of tourism disturbance (LD, lower tourism disturbance; MD, middle tourism disturbance; HD, high tourism disturbance) on biological diversity and soil properties in Helan Mountain scenic areas. Results] (1) Tourism disturbance significantly reduced the vegetation coverage, litters, and the index of diversity, richness and evenness(p<0.05). (2) Tourism disturbance had a large influence on soil physical and chemical properties, as the interference intensity increasing, soil bulk density increased, and water content, electrical conductivity decreased. (3) Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen had a larger range ability which was the most sensitive to tourism disturbance. (4) There was a marked effect on soil nutrients, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly reduced with the interference intensity increasing, potassium and available potassium increased; (5) The basic correlation of soil nutrients factors of tourism disturbance was consistent with CK, on the whole, the total soil nutrient was significantly positive correlation to the soil available nutrients(p<0.01). Conclusion] Moderate tourism disturbance had no effect on vegetation properties. Tourism disturbance had effects on soil properties, and the effects did not change the interactions of soil nutrient factors.