家畜类腔前卵泡的体外分离方法和培养体系研究进展

摘要： 在哺乳动物体内，启动卵泡生长的机制还不完全清楚，卵泡的体外培养遇到较大困难；由于不同物种卵泡的成熟时间和调节机理有较大差异，因此它们的体外培养技术还不能通用。在过去的几年，不同动物的卵泡体外培养体系的建立均有一定程度的发展，而且对卵泡的发育过程也有了很好地了解，但是获得高质量的成熟卵母细胞还有相当的距离。在目前的技术条件下，啮齿类的腔前卵泡已能经体外培养发育至有腔卵泡期，而且从有腔卵泡分离的卵母细胞经体外成熟、体外受精后已能产生新的个体。但家畜类腔前卵泡的体外培养体系还处于早期研究阶段，探讨早期卵泡的发育特征，建立成功的体外分离方法和培养体系是开发家畜类卵巢资源的基础。

Advances of the Research on Isolation and Culture for the Domestic Preantral Follicles In Vitro

Abstract：The exact mechanisms regulating in vivo folliculogenesis in mammalians have only been partly unravelled. Some processes, such as the initiation of growth of primordial follicles are still poorly understood. This increases the difficulty to culture follicles in vitro. There are important species differences in regulation and timing of maturation, which makes it difficult to transpose techniques. Over recent decades, different animal follicle culture systems have been developed, and a better insight has been gained in the process of folliculogenesis, but the yield of good quality mature oocytes has been very limited. Until now, only within the mouse model, the birth of live young have been reported. With the exception of a unique experiment, where the starting tissue was composed of primordial follicles, all other culture systems could only sustain oocyte growth and development, when follicles were retrieved from the preantral follicle. In the domestic animal models (bovine, pig), the success of folliculogenesis in vitro has been very limited. At most the growth in vitro of preantral follicles could be achieved in the bovine and pig. The purpose of this review is to define the characteristics of preantral follicles growth and develop the isolation methods and culture system in vitro in domestic animals