不同秸秆还田方式及施肥对小麦复种小油菜经济效益的影响

为了减少小麦秸秆焚烧、控制污染和提高田间留茬的利用效率，采用二因素随机区组设计，在甘肃河西绿洲灌区通过大田试验，研究了小麦留高茬收割后立茬、粉碎、焚烧3种秸秆还田方式及化肥减量施用（参照N 180 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2）对春小麦复种油菜经济效益的影响。结果表明，3种秸秆还田的措施与传统低茬收割比较，小麦、油菜的产量均有显著提高，其中小麦单产以麦茬粉碎还田处理最高，复种油菜单产以秸秆焚烧还田最高，总产值、劳动生产率以高施肥、麦茬粉碎还田的处理最高，分别达26752元/hm2和59.45元/工日，纯收益、土地净产率和产出投入比以麦茬焚烧还田、化肥减量15%的处理最高，分别达20346元/hm2、11346元/hm2和1.76。化肥减量15%时，各高留茬秸秆还田处理间作物产量和经济效益指标之间没有显著差异，证明在合理的秸秆还田措施保证条件下，化肥较当前高施肥水平降低15%在生产中是可行的。从提高经济效益、生态效益和保护环境的综合因素分析，在小麦复种油菜生产中推荐的方案是小麦留茬20~25 cm收割，旋耕粉碎还田后复种油菜。

Effect of Economic Benefits of Wheat Multiple Cropping Rape Under Different Straw Returning and Fertilization

In order to reduce stubble burning, to control pollution and to increase usage of stubble remaining after harvest, using double factor randomized block design method to study the effect on economic benefits of multiple cropping rape after wheat harvest under different fertilizations and straw returning applications on standing stubble, crushing, incineration at irrigation district in Hexi corridor of Gansu Province. The results showed that, the yield of wheat and rape increased on 3 kinds of wheat straw application than traditional measures of low stubble reaping, the yield of wheat was the highest by the returning on crushing, and the yield of rapeseed was the highest by the returning on the incineration in all of the treatments. Total production value, labor productivity was the highest by high fertilization, wheat stalk the returning on crushing, reached 26752 yuan/hm2 and 59.45 yuan/labor day. Net income, net land productivity and output and input ratio was the highest by wheat straw returning applications on incineration and usage of fertilizer reduced 15%, reached 20346 yuan/hm2, 11346 yuan/hm2 and 1.76, the yield and economic of between benefit index did not differ significantly between same straw processing when the usage of fertilizer reduced 15%. After analysis of comprehensive factors about raise economic benefits, ecological benefits and protect environment, it was proved to be feasible that fertilization of chemical fertilizer decreased 15% with current high fertilization levels in production. Showed that scheme was recommended that sowing rape after wheat harvest leaving high stubble 20-25 cm and crushing returning with rotary cultivator.