双季稻区不同栽培方式对早稻生育期、干物质积累及产量的影响

为探明洞庭湖平原双季稻区不同栽培方式对早稻生育期、干物质积累及产量的影响, 以常规稻和杂交稻为材料, 系统比较研究了塑料软盘育秧抛栽、手插和机插3种栽培方式。结果表明, 与机插相比, 抛栽和手插促进了早稻生育进程, 全生育期缩短, 抛栽和手插分别缩短5~8 d和2~4 d。群体根系和地上部干重均表现为抛栽>手插>机插, 差异均达显著水平。成熟期植株根系和穗干物质占总干物质量的比例为抛栽>手插>机插, 茎干物质的比例为手插>抛栽>机插; 叶干物质比例在分蘖期和齐穗期为机插>手插>抛栽, 灌浆期和成熟期为手插>抛栽>机插。分蘖期、齐穗期和灌浆期, 抛栽和手插水稻叶片SPAD值均显著高于机插; 成熟期, 各处理间无显著差异。水稻叶面积指数表现为抛栽>手插>机插。不同栽培方式间水稻产量差异显著, 抛栽最高, 机插最低; 抛栽和手插分别比机插增产1203.3~1346.7 kg hm^-2和776.7~1045.4 kg hm^-2。说明不同栽培方式水稻干物质积累和产量有各自特征, 与手插和机插相比, 抛栽处理干物质总量大而且分配合理, 有利于改善产量构成因素, 增加水稻产量。

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Growth Stage,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Early Rice in Double Cropping Rice Field

To explore the characteristics of growth and development of early rice with different cultivation methods in the double cropping rice system in the Dongting Lake plain, we analyzed the growth stage, dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain yield of early rice with conventional and hybrid rice varieties by using seedling throwing (ST), hand transplanting (HT) and machine transplanting (MT). The results showed that the growth process of ST and HT was earlier and their whole growth period was 5?8 and 2?4 days shortened than that of MT, respectively. For dry matter weight of population, there was significant difference among the three cultivation methods at the main growth stages of early rice, showing on order ST>HT>MT. The dry matter weight ratio of root and panicle to total plant at mature stage and the dry matter weight of stem were both in a trend of HT>ST>MT. The dry matter weight ratio of leaf to total plant was MT>HT>ST at tillering and heading stages, and HT>ST>MT at grain filling and mature stages, respectively. In addition, the leaf SPAD of rice with ST and HT was significantly higher than that with MT at tillering, heading and grain filling stages. But there was no significant difference among ST, HT and MT at mature stage. Meanwhile, the leaf area index for different cultivation methods was ST>HT>MT at the main growth stages of early rice. Yield of early rice with different cultivation methods was significantly different, and that of ST was the highest, while that of MT was the lowest. Compared with MT, the yield of ST and HT increased by 1203.3?1346.7 and 776.7?1045.4 kg ha^-1, indicating that the dry matter accumulation and yield of early rice with different cultivation methods have their own characteristics. Compared with HT and MT, ST had significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and its reasonable distribution, and improved yield and yield components.