杂交组合对肉牛育肥效果的影响

试验旨在研究杂交组合对肉牛育肥效果的影响。采用单因素分组试验设计，选取体重和年龄相近、生长发育正常的西门塔尔牛×科尔沁牛（西科，A组）、夏洛莱牛×科尔沁牛（夏科，B组）及科尔沁牛（C组）各10头公牛，正试期95 d后，测定其体重，屠宰、肉品质等指标，并核算经济效益。结果显示，杂交对采食量无显著影响（P>0.05），但杂交组牛料重比、肌肉脂肪含量显著低于科尔沁牛（P<0.05），杂交组牛的胴体重、净肉重、胴体率及前腿、腹肉、脊肉和后腿重量均显著高于科尔沁牛（P<0.05），各组之间16种氨基酸含量差异不显著（P>0.05），西科、夏科杂交牛及科尔沁牛之间棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸含量存在差异。结果表明，在本试验条件下，杂交组牛育肥效果和经济效益好于科尔沁牛，但科尔沁牛的脂肪和不饱和脂肪酸含量高于杂交组合牛；杂交组合对肉牛的综合育肥效果更好。

Effect of Different Crossbred Combinations on Fatting Performance in Beef Cattle

This study was aimed to determine the effects of different crossbred combinations on fatting performance in beef cattle. Using single factor randomized block design, 30 bulls (health, similar weight and age) were chosen, Simmental cattle×Kerqin beef cattle (group A), Charolais cattle×Kerqin crossbred beef cattle (group B) and Kerqin beef cattle (group C) were divided into three groups with 10 bulls per group. After 95 d, the body weight, slaughter performance, meat quality and the economic benefits of fattening were measured. The results showed that there were no significant influence on dry matter intake among trials (P>0.05). The F/G, ethanolic extract (EE) of muscle in crossbred groups (groups A and B) were significant lower than group C (P<0.05). The weight of carcass, weight of meat, rate of carcass, and the weight of shank, plate, chine and rump in crossbred groups were significant higher than group C (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in content of amino acids among groups (P>0.05),and it had difference in the content of palmitoleic acid (PAA),stearic acid(SA) and linoleic acid (LA). In this trial, it had better fattening performance and the economic benefits in crossbred cattle groups than Kerqin beef group cattle, but the ethanolic extract and unsaturated fatty acids of muscle in Kerqin beef cattle were higher than the crossbred groups, and it had better fattening performance by crossbred.