体外法评价活性酵母及其发酵饲料对瘤胃发酵参数的影响

本研究选择7株酿酒酵母菌（Saccharomyces cerevisiae，编号为XR4、YL5、YN7、XL8、BC、SL、AQ）、5株产朊假丝酵母菌（Candida utilis，编号为SC18、SR12、YJ2、YD6、BY）及1株热带假丝酵母（Candida tropicalis，编号为BR），采用体外产气法研究其对体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响。结果显示，与对照组相比，活性酵母菌株对产气量均未产生显著影响（P>0.05）；酵母发酵饲料SC18、XR4、BY、AQ和BC组产气量显著升高（P<0.05），且这5组产气量增长率均优于其对应的活性酵母组（P<0.05）。13株酵母菌中的10株活性酵母及其发酵饲料均能使菌体蛋白含量显著增加（P<0.05），且大部分活性酵母菌蛋白增长率均高于其对应的发酵饲料（P<0.05）。活性酵母及其发酵饲料对氨态氮含量均未产生明显影响（P>0.05）。活性酵母YD6、BR、SC18、YL5、XR4、SR12、BY、BC组总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），酵母发酵饲料YD6、BR、YJ2、SC18、SR12、SL、YL5、XR4组总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述，活性酵母可显著提高菌体蛋白含量及挥发性脂肪酸含量，其中BY、XR4、BC效果更佳；酵母发酵饲料可显著提高产气量、菌体蛋白含量、挥发性脂肪酸含量，其中SC18、BY、BC效果更佳；酵母发酵饲料在增加产气量、总挥发性脂肪酸含量上效果要优于其活性酵母。

Effects of Active Yeast and Yeast Fermented Feeds on Rumen Fermentation Parameters in vitro

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of active yeast and yeast fermented feeds on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro.13 strains active yeasts and their fermented feeds (7 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,namely XR4,YL5,YN7,XL8,BC,SL and AQ;5 strains of Candida utilis,namely SC18,SR12,YJ2,YD6 and BY,and 1 strains of Candida tropicalis,namely BR) were chosen and rumen fermentation parameters were measured by in vitro gas production technique.The results showed that:There was no significant effects of active yeasts on gas production (P>0.05),however,the gas production of SC18,XR4,BY,AQ and BC groups was significantly increased by the fermented feeds (P<0.05).Meanwhile,the gas production rate of those fermented feeds was significantly higher than the corresponding active yeasts (P<0.05).10 yeast strains and their fermented feeds significantly increased the bacterial crude protein production (P<0.05),and the protein growth rate of most of these active yeasts was higher than that of fermented feeds (P<0.05).The activie yeasts and fermented feeds showed no significant effect on ammoniacal nitrogen content (P>0.05).Active yeast (YD6,BR,SC18,YL5,XR4,SR12,BY and BC) and yeasts fermented feeds (YD6,BR,YJ2,SC18,SR12,SL,YL5 and XR4) could significantly increase the total VFAs comapred to control group (P<0.05).In conclusion,active yeast could significantly increase the contents of bacterial crude protein and total VFAs,especially the BY,XR4 and BC. Gas production,bacterial crude protein and VFAs were significantly increased by fermented feeds,especially SC18,BY and BC. Fermented feeds had shown better effect on the increament of the gas production and VFAs compared to active yeasts.