细菌多糖的生物合成机制研究进展

多糖是细菌细胞的主要组成部分，在细菌与宿主的相互作用中起到重要作用，在参与细菌与宿主的识别，帮助细菌产生毒力，调节宿主免疫反应等生物过程中扮演着重要的角色。随着基因组学的发展，人们发现尽管细菌多糖的种类很多，但它们的合成机制具有相似性。多糖生物合成的研究主要基于基因组的序列分析预测，结合代谢产物研究的基因分析，不够详尽。随着研究的深入，人们越来越关注细菌多糖的合成机制，这种机制的研究将为进一步阐明细菌多糖多样性的形成机制及与宿主间的相互作用机制奠定基础，为开发针对相应病原菌的新型疫苗和治疗方法，及进一步实现分子水平的相关疾病防控和资源开发提供技术支持。作者以肽聚糖、O-抗原和夹膜多糖为代表，阐述了其生物合成及体外生物合成机制的研究进展和相关问题，并总结了细菌多糖合成途径的研究在寻找候选抗原和控制病原细菌靶位以及研究细菌遗传进化和生物合成方面的作用。

Advances on the Biosynthesis Mechanism of Bacterial Polysaccharides

Polysaccharide is the major component of bacterial cell that plays a significant role in the interaction between bacteria and their hosts. It aids the identification of bacteria, imparting virulence to the bacteria and adjusting host's immune response as well. Advance genomics research has deciphered several different bacterial polysaccharides sharing a common biosynthesis mechanism. The study of polysaccharides is mainly based on sequence analysis and prediction of genome in combination with metabolite analyses that still requires a detailed study. Researchers are now further focusing on their biosynthetic pathways to unveil the mechanisms underlying the diversity of these bacterial polysaccharides along with the host-pathogen interaction. It will open new doors for vaccine development and other therapeutic methods against pathogenic bacteria, and also provide technical support to control disease and cure at molecular level. This review states the mechanisms and relevant problems of biosynthesis and in vitro biosynthesis of peptidoglycan,O-antigen and capsular polysaccharides,and summarizes the application of bacteria polysaccharides in the aspects of searching for candidate antigens and controlling the targets of pathogenic bacteria and exploring genetic evolution of bacteria and biological synthesis.