非洲猪瘟病毒的分子病原学及致病机理研究进展

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever，ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus，ASFV）引起的一种烈性传染病，具有急性、高热、高病死率等特征，主要暴发于非洲、东欧国家、俄罗斯及高加索地区。目前，该病缺乏有效的疫苗和治疗方法，给病情爆发地区的养猪业造成严重的影响。ASFV的主要靶细胞是网状内皮细胞和单核-巨噬细胞，造成细胞凋亡，影响宿主的免疫系统，进而表现出相应的疫病特征。ASFV具有基因组较大、基因型较多且易变异等特征。文章主要从分子病原学和致病机理方面对ASFV的研究情况进行综述，为ASF的防控提供理论依据。

Research Progress on Molecular Etiology and Pathogenesis for African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), characterized by acute feature, high fever, high mortality and other characteristics. ASF mainly outbreaks in African, Eastern Europe countries, Russia and Caucasus region. At present, there are no vaccine available and effective control strategies against ASFV spread, therefore, ASF has a serious impact on the pig industry in the affected countries. The major target cells of the virus are swine reticuloendothelial cells and monocyte-macrophage cells. ASFV can result in apoptosis and affect the host's immune system, and then show the characteristics of the corresponding disease. ASFV has the characteristics of large genome, more genotype and more variability. In this paper, the molecular etiology and pathogenesis of ASFV are reviewed, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of ASF.