水貂TYR基因T138A位点多态性及其与毛色性状的关联分析

试验旨在检测水貂酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase，TYR）基因T138A位点的多态性，并分析其与水貂毛色表型的相关性。提取5种被毛色型430只水貂血液基因组DNA，采用PCR-RFLP技术，对TYR基因T138A位点进行多态性检测，统计等位基因频率与基因型频率，通过卡方（χ²）独立性检验分析该位点多态性与水貂毛色性状的相关性。结果表明，T138A位点存在2个等位基因T和A，形成TT、TA和AA 3种基因型，AA基因型在吉林白水貂群体中为优势基因型（0.9069），而TT基因型为金州黑水貂、珍珠水貂、咖啡水貂和银蓝水貂群体的优势基因型，其中在金州黑水貂群体中基因型频率最高（1.0000）。关联分析表明，TYR基因T138A位点的多态性与毛色性状呈极显著相关（P<0.0001）。表明TYR基因T138A位点可能是影响水貂毛色的主控位点或与调控白色被毛表型主控位点连锁的分子标记。

Relationship Analysis Between the Polymorphism of T138A Locus in TYR Gene and Hair Color in Mink (Neovison vison)

In order to detect the polymorphism of T138A locus in tyrosinase (TYR) gene in mink and analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes of mink hair color, the blood samples of 430 minks with five kinds of different hair color were taken and their genomic DNA were extracted. The T138A locus of TYR gene in mink was detected using PCR-RFLP method. Allele frequency and genotype frequency were calculated. Furthermore, the relationship between the polymorphism of T138A locus and hair color trait were analyzed by the statistical method of Chi-square independence test. The results showed that the T138A locus polymorphism was found with two alleles T and A,and three genotypes of TT, TA and AA. AA genotype was dominant genotype in Jilin White mink (0.9069), TT genotype was dominant genotype in Jinzhou Black mink,Pearl mink,Coffee mink and Silverblue mink, and existed mainly in Jizhou Black mink (1.0000). The association analysis of T138A locus polymorphism with hair color trait indicated that there was extremely significant correlation between TYR gene polymorphism and hair color of mink (P < 0.0001). This results indicated that the T138A locus might affect hair color phenotype, or molecular marker linked with the major gene regulating the white hair phenotype of mink.