青海省春小麦赤霉病的发生与危害状况研究

小麦赤霉病在青海各小麦种植区均有不同程度的发生 ,轻病田病穗率在 2 %～ 9% ,重病田可达 5 0 %以上 ,个别田块高达 10 0 %。在青海 ,赤霉病的发生主要是在东部农业区 ,并以黄河、湟水流域实行小麦和玉米套种或冬春麦混种的地区发病重。柴达木地区、海北州发病轻甚至不发病。赤霉病发生的轻重主要取决于各麦区小麦扬花期的气候条件 ,雨日多、雨量大 ,相对湿度大时发病重。赤霉病造成的产量损失因品种、病害发生程度不同而不同。不同茬口间赤霉病发生的轻重也不同。

Occurrence and Damage of Spring Wheat Head Scab in Qinghai

Wheat head scab seldom happened in Qinghai high and cold region before. Since the alternation of the cultivation system and the improvement of irrigation and fertilization level, the disease has distributed in the different wheat growth regions in Qinghai and become a significant disease in spring wheat production. The rate of the disease was between 2%～9% in light disease cropland,may be over 50% in serious disease cropland and even in individual cropland, attained 100%. Wheat head scab was chiefly distributed in the eastern farming region of Qinghai province. In the inter-planting areas with wheat and corn or winter and spring wheat,the disease taken seriously places. The disease taken lightly place in Chaidamu district and Haibei state of Qinghai. The occurring degree of the disease was mainly decided by climate condition during the period of wheat flower and the relative humidity was very important,heavy damage could be appear in the raining day,especially in rainfall. The yield was decided by the variety and severity degrees of disease. At the same time, wheat head scab occurrence was related with differ crops for rotation.