有机肥替代部分化肥对水稻产量及土壤理化性质的影响

本文旨在研究不同有机肥替代化肥比例对稻麦轮作体系水稻产量及构成因素、土壤基本理化性质影响,为科学合理施肥、提高作物产量和提升地力质量提供理论依据。试验设在江苏省仪征市的长期肥料试验点,共6个施肥处理：常规化肥(M0),有机肥替代10% (M10)、20% (M20)、30% (M30)、40% (M40)和50% (M50)常规化肥。分析水稻产量及构成,测定基本理化性质。结果表明：与全单施化肥相比,有机肥替代化肥后的第一年替代比例过大(M40、M50)会导致水稻籽粒产量明显下降,但在替代的第二年所有替代处理均有一定增产作用,以M30和M40处理增产效果最佳。随着替代比例的增加,土壤有机质含量显著提高,全磷、速效磷含量略下降趋势,土壤速效钾含量稍有上升趋势,其他测定指标则差异不大。在稳定水稻产量前提下,有机肥替代20%~30%化肥施具有促进作物生长与养分吸收、提高土壤质量的作用。

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substitute for Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Soil Physicochemical Properties

The study aimed to investigate the response of rice yield and components, and soil physicochemical properties to organic fertilizer (OF) substitute for chemical fertilizer (CF) in rice-grain rotation system, and provide theoretical foundation for rational fertilization, increase yield and promote fertility. The experiments was conducted in long-time fertilizer test point in Yizheng, Jiangsu, 6 treatments were set: convention chemical fertilizer (M0), OF ratios of 10% (M10), 20% (M20), 30% (M30), 40% (M40), and 50% (M50). The yield and composition were studied, and the basic physicochemical property was measured. The results indicated that compared with M0, the rice yield decreased at the ratios of 40% and 50% in the first year, and increased at all treatments in the second year. The highest rice yields were observed at the ratios of 30% and 40% in the second year. With the increase of OF ratio, soil organic matter content increased significantly, whereas there were decrease trends for the concentrations of total phosphorus and available phosphorus, and small increase was found in available potassium, there were no significant differences in other indices. In the precondition of stable rice yield, 20%-30% OF could promote crop growth and nutrient uptake, increase soil fertility.